High consumption of primates by pumas and ocelots in a remnant of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Santos, Julianna L.; Paschoal, Ana Maria O.; Massara, Rodrigo Lima; Chiarello, Adriano Garcia

doi:10.1590/bjb.2014.0094

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…If aerial predators indeed pose a greater threat to sakis, then selection should favor more specific escape responses. However, there is increasing evidence that felids, such as jaguars, pumas, and ocelots, consume primates at relatively high rates in some Neotropical locations (Bianchi & Mendes, 2007;Santos, Paschoal, Massara, & Chiarello, 2014). For example, Peetz et al (1992) report on a jaguar killing nearly an entire howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) group on an island in Venezuela.…”

Section: Do Saki Monkeys Have Predator-specific Responses In Both Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model vs. playback experiments: The impact of sensory mode on predator‐specific escape responses in saki monkeys

Adams

Kitchen

2020

Ethology

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Although experimentally simulating predator presence helps improve sample sizes in studies of free‐ranging animals, few studies have examined whether auditory playbacks and visual models produce similar results. Additionally, it is unclear if anti‐predator strategies are specific to predator hunting styles in understudied Neotropical pitheciid primates, limiting what we can generalize about this phenomenon across this taxonomic order. We conducted predator simulation experiments to assess whether wild Rylands' bald‐faced saki monkeys (Pithecia rylandsi) recognize predators based solely on acoustic cues, exhibit predator‐specific responses to different predator types, and vary responses to presentations in different sensory modes. In our playback experiments, sakis had weak responses to non‐predator control vocalizations compared to jaguar growls and harpy eagle shrieks. In most predator playbacks, subjects' first glance corresponded to the direction from which simulated predators would typically attack (above vs. below). However, although sakis exhibited appropriate movement responses to harpy playbacks (i.e., descending canopy), they exhibited no clear movement patterns when presented with jaguar playbacks. In contrast, jaguar model experiments consistently elicited fast approaches, mobbing‐style responses, and long alarm calling bouts. Thus, if we had relied on playbacks alone, we might have concluded that sakis have only generalized responses to terrestrial ambush predators. In fact, in all variables measured (e.g., latency, number of calls, and response duration), models of both predator species elicited stronger reactions than playbacks. Results indicate that bald‐faced sakis can identify predators based solely on vocalizations, but do not exhibit predator‐specific escape responses to terrestrial predators based on acoustic cues alone. The differential response to playbacks and models calls into question the reliability of using acoustic‐only stimuli to assess the specificity of anti‐predator behavior to predator hunting styles in some primate species.

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Section: Do Saki Monkeys Have Predator-specific Responses In Both Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model vs. playback experiments: The impact of sensory mode on predator‐specific escape responses in saki monkeys

Adams

Kitchen

2020

Ethology

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“…, Santos et al . , Massara et al . , ), but few have assessed habitat preference (Di Bitetti et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing ocelot occupancy in Brazilian Atlantic Forest reserves

et al. 2017

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Over 80% of Atlantic Forest remnants are <50 ha and protected areas are embedded in a matrix dominated by human activities, undermining the long-term persistence of carnivores. The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is an opportunistic species, but little is known about its tolerance to habitat alterations and the influence of other species on its occupancy in Atlantic Forest remnants. We used camera traps to assess ocelot occupancy in protected areas of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. We found a positive correlation between the occupancy of ocelots and top predators (jaguars, Panthera onca, and pumas, Puma concolor), and a weaker negative effect between the number of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) detected and ocelot occupancy. Ocelot detection was higher at sites with more eucalyptus, suggesting that ocelots frequently use these areas. Better-protected areas surrounded by permeable matrices may be critical to the persistence of ocelots in the fragmented Atlantic Forest.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

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“…Primates and Erethizontidae rodents, such as S. libidinosus and C. prehensilis, respectively, are hardly affected by roadkill, mainly because they are arboreal animals and usually, spend more time on the ground in fragmented areas (Santos et al 2014, Abreu et al 2017, which is the case of our study area, and this could increase the chance of being roadkilled. Furthermore, C. prehensilis is herbivorous (Santos-Junior 1998) and S. libidinosus is omnivorous, and there are no records of scavenging habits for them (Vilela 2007, Freitas et al 2008, Sabbatini et al 2008.…”

Section: Coendou Prehensilismentioning

confidence: 87%

Can Human Demographic or Biological Factors Influence Mammal Roadkill? A Case Study in the Go-060 Highway

2019

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Roads cause several environmental impacts, such as roadkill of wild animals, which may result in the decrease of local fauna density. Roadkill occurs because roads intersect the habitats of many taxa, especially in fragmented landscapes, such as the Cerrado biome. The present study aimed to determine whether demographic variables or biological characteristics influence the mammal's roadkill rate. A survey was conducted in the section of the GO-060 highway located between the municipalities of Trindade and Iporá, from April to September 2012, during the dry season. We used Kruskal-Wallis tests to investigate possible differences among roadkills per sector, species, order, food habit, and activity pattern. Pearson correlation was used to verify the association between roadkill rate and home range. The influence of body mass on the roadkill rate was estimated through a simple linear regression. To verify whether human demographic variables influence the roadkill, we used a multiple linear regression. We recorded 89 individuals of mammals during 18 field trips and obtained a roadkill rate of 0.025 individuals/km/day. Mammals with different food habits have different roadkill rates, once herbivorous mammals are less prone to be roadkilled than omnivorous and insectivorous species. Characteristics such as home range, body mass and activity patterns were not determinant of roadkill rates in this study. Similarly, human demographic variables did not influence the number of roadkills. Biological and ecological characteristics should be considered when implementing measures to reduce roadkill. Hence, it becomes clear that surveys of fauna roadkill should consider both human demographic and biological variables, once, in this research, none of them are relevant by itself, they can be considered complementary information, and can be used to support practical actions.

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High consumption of primates by pumas and ocelots in a remnant of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Model vs. playback experiments: The impact of sensory mode on predator‐specific escape responses in saki monkeys

Model vs. playback experiments: The impact of sensory mode on predator‐specific escape responses in saki monkeys

Factors influencing ocelot occupancy in Brazilian Atlantic Forest reserves

Can Human Demographic or Biological Factors Influence Mammal Roadkill? A Case Study in the Go-060 Highway

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