Analysis of the role of nail polish in the transmission of onychomycosis

Klafke, Gabriel Baracy; Silva, Raiza Alves da; Pellegrin, Kelly Thaís de; Xavier, Melissa Orzechowski

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187791

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Sharing of nail polish may also promote transmission of onychomycosis. One study found that T. rubrum is able to survive in nail polish for 60 days at 25 • C [21]. There have been no studies examining fungal burden on other nail equipment such as nail clippers, files, or scissors, but these may also be implicated with spread.…”

Section: Transfer Through Shared Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposed mechanisms of transmission between household members include sharing of slippers or even walking on carpets or bathroom floors previously walked on by an affected individual harboring infectious fungal elements [19]. Indeed, studies have found that dermatophytes are able to survive in washed textiles such as socks and contaminated nail polish containers [20,21]. Despite this, studies directly implicating environmental risk factors to transmission of onychomycosis are lacking, and more evidence is required to understand social determinants associated with the development of onychomycosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission of Onychomycosis and Dermatophytosis between Household Members: A Scoping Review

Jazdarehee

Malekafzali

Lee

et al. 2022

JoF

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Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nail, caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes, and yeasts. Predisposing factors include older age, trauma, diabetes, immunosuppression, and previous history of nail psoriasis or tinea pedis. Though many biological risk factors have been well characterized, the role of the environment has been less clear. Studies have found evidence of transmission in 44% to 47% of households with at least one affected individual, but the underlying mechanisms and risk factors for transmission of onychomycosis between household members are incompletely understood. A scoping literature review was performed to characterize and summarize environmental risk factors involved in the transmission of onychomycosis within households. A total of 90 papers met the inclusion criteria, and extracted data was analyzed in an iterative manner. Shared household surfaces may harbor dermatophytes and provide sources for infection. Shared household equipment, including footwear, bedding, and nail tools, may transmit dermatophytes. The persistence of dermatophytes on household cleaning supplies, linen, and pets may serve as lasting sources of infection. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations that aim to interrupt household transmission of onychomycosis. Further investigation of the specific mechanisms behind household spread is needed to break the cycle of transmission, reducing the physical and social impacts of onychomycosis.

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Section: Transfer Through Shared Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Onychomycosis and Dermatophytosis between Household Members: A Scoping Review

Jazdarehee

Malekafzali

Lee

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Onychomycosis is known as tinea unguium and is a fungal infection of nails in which foot toenails are more affected than fingernails. Onychomycosismainly occurs after tinea pedis, through which the transmission of the fungus takes place [69]. The microbiology of onychomycosis (Table 3) is that dermatophytes, yeast, and non-dermatophytes can cause nail fungal infection; however, dermatophytes participate more and cause nail dysfunction and pain [70].…”

Section: Fungal Infections Of Nails (Onychomycosis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Antifungal Efficiency of Plant Extracts Entrenched Polysaccharide-Based Nanohydrogels

et al. 2021

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Human skin acts as a physical barrier; however, sometimes the skin gets infected by fungi, which becomes more severe if the infection occurs on the third layer of the skin. Azole derivative-based antifungal creams, liquids, or sprays are available to treat fungal infections; however, these formulations show various side effects on the application site. Over the past few years, herbal extracts and various essential oils have shown effective antifungal activity. Additionally, autoxidation and epimerization are significant problems with the direct use of herbal extracts. Hence, to overcome these obstacles, polysaccharide-based nanohydrogels embedded with natural plant extracts and oils have become the primary choice of pharmaceutical scientists. These gels protect plant-based bioactive compounds and are effective delivery agents because they release multiple bioactive compounds in the targeted area. Nanohydrogels can be applied to infected areas, and due to their contagious nature and penetration power, they get directly absorbed through the skin, quickly reaching the skin’s third layer and effectively reducing the fungal infection. In this review, we explain various skin fungal infections, possible treatments, and the effective utilization of plant extract and oil-embedded polysaccharide-based nanohydrogels.

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“…The number of research studies on nail polishes as fomites has grown. 5,6 Conventional treatment is usually administered orally, and used to be time consuming, causing important side effects. 2 Thus the development of new therapeutic alternatives that provide faster and more effective treatment is in demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimycotic nail polish based on humic acid‐coated silver nanoparticles for onychomycosis

Dantas

Andrade

Lisboa

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was the development of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated with humic acid (HA) and their incorporation into an enamel for antifungal activity. AgNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and coated with HA. Uncoated AgNPs were synthesized as control. AgNPs and HA-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Size of AgNPs and HA-AgNPs was recorded within the nano range, showing HA-AgNPs' higher stability than non-coated particles by presenting a single plasmatic band around 400 nm.RESULTS: Thermal analysis showed conjugated endothermic peaks, which confirms the compatibility of HA-AgNPs. FTIR depicted absorptions between 1300 and 1000 cm −1 (C C, Ar H, respectively), demonstrating that HA is adsorbed onto AgNPs. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HA does not alter the reduction in mass loss of AgNPs, while it was found by XRD that adding HA promoted the formation of more amorphous AgNPs. The effectiveness of HA-AgNPs was evaluated against three different fungal species. Minimum inhibitory concentration assays showed that ∼0.5 mmol L −1 AgNPs was able to inhibit dermatophyte species growth. HA-AgNPs were incorporated into a commercial enamel at a concentration of 8% and their organoleptic characteristics, drying time, centrifugation test and thermal stress were evaluated. Enamels with AgNPs kept their physicochemical properties over 21 days of storage. CONCLUSION: HA-AgNP nail polish is thus proposed as an innovative material for onychomycosis infections.

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Analysis of the role of nail polish in the transmission of onychomycosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Transmission of Onychomycosis and Dermatophytosis between Household Members: A Scoping Review

Transmission of Onychomycosis and Dermatophytosis between Household Members: A Scoping Review

A Review on Antifungal Efficiency of Plant Extracts Entrenched Polysaccharide-Based Nanohydrogels

Antimycotic nail polish based on humic acid‐coated silver nanoparticles for onychomycosis

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