Locally aggressive trichilemmal carcinoma

Maya-Rico, Ana María; Jaramillo-Pulgarín, Catalina; Londoño-García, Ángela; Peña-Zúñiga, Bibiana

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187461

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Normally, the size of TC is less than 3 cm (3). This malignant tumor is rare; to date, a total of 136 cases of TC have been reported (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). It usually has an indolent course and benign clinical evolution, and only four cases with regional and distant metastasis have been reported (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huge Trichilemmal Carcinoma With Metastasis Presenting With Two Distinct Histological Morphologies: A Case Report

Xie

Wang²,

Wang³

2021

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundTrichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignancy of cutaneous adnexal carcinoma, with only 136 cases reported in the literature to date. It usually has an indolent course and benign clinical evolution, and only four cases with regional and distant metastasis have been reported. Tumor cells present with the characteristics of trichilemmal differentiation on both histological and immunohistological examination.Case PresentationWe report a case of TC on the scalp with an aggressive course and metastasis to the ipsilateral neck. Moreover, the lesions presented with two distinct histological morphologies.ConclusionDespite an indolent course and benign clinical evolution, TC has the potential for local invasion and recurrence, which implies that accurate early diagnosis and careful follow-up are very important for these patients. More than one specimen should be obtained for histopathological examinations when the lesion is very large and characterized by different morphologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huge Trichilemmal Carcinoma With Metastasis Presenting With Two Distinct Histological Morphologies: A Case Report

Xie

Wang²,

Wang³

2021

Front. Oncol.

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“…In general, the pathological diagnostic criteria of TLC are not uniform and varied among different authors and doctors, but the following criteria for diagnosing are accepted and recognized by the majority: (1) PAS-positive glycogen within neoplastic cells, (2) folliculocentricity, (3) peripheral palisading of clear cells, (4) a prominent Periodic Acid Schiff Diastase (D-PAS)–positive basement membrane, (5) trichilemmal keratinization, (6) lobular architecture, and (7) the presence of pre-existing trichilemmoma ( 30 , 48 ). TLC may be confused with other skin cancer, such as SCC with clear cell differentiation, BCC with keratin cysts and peripheral palisading cells within the basaloid islands, or even the keratoacanthoma, which was benign and could resolve spontaneously ( 27 , 49 – 51 ). Given the similarity of cell origin and pathological phenotype, the accurate diagnosis of TLC from other tumors originated from the skin and the adnexa may sometimes be difficult and relies further on stains other than HE staining.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic analysis and case series of the diagnosis and management of trichilemmal carcinoma

Sun

Zhang²,

Xiao³

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundTrichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) is a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal neoplasm, with no relatively comprehensive research.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to perform an updated statistical analysis so as to better understand TLC’s epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsThe diagnosis and treatment of three TLC cases in our department were summarized. Then, all TLC cases published in the literature were retrieved for a comprehensive analysis, followed by the analysis of global trends and regional distribution, demographic characteristics, clinical features, pathogenesis, histopathological features, and treatment and prognosis of TLC.ResultsOf the 231 cases, the incidence of TLC has shown an upward trend recently, especially in China, in Asia. The susceptible population is men aged 60–80 and women over 80, and the most prone location is head and neck. The phenotype of TLC is not always typical and may be misdiagnosed because of the coexistence of other diseases. There is a linear relationship between the diameter and its duration or thickness. UV, locally present skin lesions, trauma, scarring, organ transplantation, and genetic disorders may trigger the occurrence of TLC. Periodic acid–Schiff staining and CD34, but not Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA), were helpful in the diagnosis of TLC. Although effective, surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery need further improvement to reduce recurrence of TLC. Carcinoma history is an independent risk factor for TLC recurrence.LimitationsThe limitation of this study is the lack of randomized controlled trial on TLC treatment and recurrence.ConclusionTLC has the possibility of invasive growth and recurrence, especially in patients with longer duration and carcinoma history.

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“…2 Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has been shown to be an ideal option because it provides a tissue-sparing method for complete surgical removal of the tumor while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue. 4 , 11 Other therapeutic options that have been reported include 5% imiquimod, excision with frozen sections and adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with high-risk disease. 2 , 7 , 8 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%