Urban American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Carneiro, Francisca Regina Oliveira; Amin, Gabriela Athayde; Cruz, Lorena de Britto Pereira; Daher, Belkis Azevedo

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186713

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although the clinical manifestation of VL is traditionally associated only with L. (L.) infantum , studies point to the participation of L. (L.) amazonensis 26 , 27 . This parasite has been often recovered from sources in urban environments 28 , 29 infecting dogs 30 , 31 , synanthropic rodents 28 , and humans 27 , 32 - 34 ; however, its known vector, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, is rarely found in this environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis DNA in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

Carvalho-Silva

Silva

Cruz

et al. 2022

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Leishmaniasis is a serious public health concern in the Northeastern region of Brazil, where the sand fly fauna is well studied, although few species have been identified as competent vectors. The detection of Leishmania spp. parasites in wild-caught sand flies could help sanitary authorities draw strategies to avoid the transmission of the parasites and, therefore, the incidence of leishmaniases. We detected Leishmania DNA in wild-caught sand flies and correlated that data with aspects of sand fly ecology in the Caxias municipality, Maranhao State, Brazil. The sand flies were sampled in the peridomicile (open areas in the vicinity of human residences) and intradomicile (inside the residences) from July/2019 to March/2020. Leishmania DNA was detected in females, targeting a fragment of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1) from ribosomal DNA. Among the fourteen species of sand flies identified, five ( Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Evandromyia evandroi, Micropygomyia trinidadensis, and Micropygomyia quinquefer ) harbored DNA of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The most abundant species in rural ( Ny. whitmani : 35.2% and Ev. evandroi : 32.4%) and urban areas ( Lu. longipalpis : 89.8%) are the permissive vectors of L. (L.) amazonensis , especially Ny. whitmani , a known vector of causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although Lu. longipalpis is the vector of L. (L.) infantum, which was not detected in this study, its permissiveness for the transmission of L. (L.) amazonensis has been reported. We suspect that visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis are caused by L. (L.) amazonensis, and the transmission may be occurring through Lu. longipalpis, at least in the urban area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis DNA in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

Carvalho-Silva

Silva

Cruz

et al. 2022

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“… 45 , 46 Deforestation and the depletion of natural reservoirs is the main explanation for the occurrence of autochthonous cases of ATL in metropolitan areas, Chagas disease and (human) rabies caused by attacks of hematophagous bats in cities. 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 …”

Section: Environmental Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of environmental changes on Dermatology

Haddad

Mendes

Talhari

et al. 2021

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Urbanization, pollution and the modification of natural landscapes are characteristics of modern society, where the change in human relations with the environment and the impact on biodiversity are environmental determinants that affect the health-disease relationship. The skin is an organ that has a strong interface with the environment and, therefore, the prevalence patterns of dermatoses may reflect these environmental changes. In this article, aspects related to deforestation, fires, urbanization, large-scale agriculture, extensive livestock farming, pollution and climatic changes are discussed regarding their influence on the epidemiology of skin diseases. It is important that dermatologists be aware of their social responsibility in order to promote sustainable practices in their community, in addition to identifying the impacts of environmental imbalances on different dermatoses, which is essential for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

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“…These facts have generated the hypothesis that Lu. longipalpis may be infected and be able to transmit L. (L.) amazonensis, mainly in areas where its natural vectors are rare [12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have described the spread of CL in urban environments 12 , 13 in which Lu. longipalpis feeds on several domestic and synanthropic animals 2 , 14 , showing a higher adaptive capacity to seasonal variations than other sand flies species 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis to immunosuppressed mice through the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) results in cutaneous leishmaniasis

Silva

Cruz

Coutinho

et al. 2021

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Lutzomyia longipalpis is the natural vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, but it is also permissive for several Leishmania species that are related to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Maranhao State (Northeast of Brazil) is endemic for CL and has the highest number of cases of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) in the country. It is a rare disease associated with a defective immune response mainly caused by L. (L.) amazonensis. Additionally, the number of immunosuppressed patients infected with the etiologic agents of CL has increased, including regions in which the main vectors of CL are rare. Therefore, we investigated whether Lu. longipalpis is able to transmit L. (L.) amazonensis to uninfected and immunosuppressed mice, resulting in CL. For that, 291 sand flies took an initial blood meal in mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. Of these, 17 underwent a second feeding on uninfected and immunosuppressed mice (of which 58.8% were also positive for Leishmania according to data on the dissection of the intestine). After 27 days of infection, these mice exhibited leishmaniotic lesions. The occurrence of parasites on the animal's skin was confirmed by limiting dilution and immunohistopathological analyses. Parasite DNA was also detected in paw lesions and inguinal lymph nodes. DNA sequencing confirmed the Leishmania species in insects and mice. The results confirmed the ability of Lu. longipalpis to become infected and experimentally transmit L. (L.) amazonensis to immunosuppressed rodents, resulting in leishmaniotic lesions. Our data open perspectives for the potential role of Lu. longipalpis in the epidemiology of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially in immunosuppressed patients.

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Urban American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Predominance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis DNA in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

Predominance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis DNA in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

Impact of environmental changes on Dermatology

Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis to immunosuppressed mice through the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) results in cutaneous leishmaniasis

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