Increased salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in non-reticular oral lichen planus

Abstract

BackgroundOral lichen planus is a potentially malignant disorder. One of the malignant transformation markers is cancer stem cells. One of the proposed marker for the detection of cancer stem cells's in head and neck cancer is aldehyde dehydrogenase. Recently it is shown that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression in tissue samples is associated with oral lichen planus malignant transformation.ObjectiveThis study evaluates salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in oral lichen planus.MethodThirty patients and 30 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited. Oral lichen planus was diagnosed based on the modified World Health Organization criteria. Subjects in the case group were divided into reticular and non-reticular forms. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected at 10-12 AM. Saliva concentrations of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 were measured by ELISA.ResultsThe differences between aldehyde dehydrogenase levels in the oral lichen planus group compared with the control group were not significant but aldehyde dehydrogenase in non-reticular oral lichen planus was significantly higher than that of the reticular form.Limitations of the studyThis is a cross-sectional study, thus longitudinal studies in oral lichen planus may present similar or different results.ConclusionsThe mechanism of malignant transformation in oral lichen planus is not defined. Previous analyses revealed that the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression is significantly correlated with increased risk of transformation. This finding is consistent with our results because in the erosive and ulcerative forms of oral lichen planus, which have an increased risk of transformation, salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 was overexpressed. A higher salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase level in non-reticular oral lichen planus can be a defensive mechanism against higher oxidative stress in these groups. Aldehyde dehydrogenase may be one of the malignant transformation markers in oral lichen planus. Further studies are needed for introducing aldehyde dehydrogenase as a prognostic indicator in certain lesions.

Recognizing the salivary panomics for the clinical application in oral potentially malignant disorders

“…The results are tabulated in Tables 1 and 2 . [ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 ]…”

Literature review of cancer stem cells in oral lichen planus: a premalignant lesion

“…ALDH expression has a direct relationship with the stage of head and neck cancer, and has a negative relationship with this is the prognosis. This biomarker plays a significant role in the metabolism of many molecules, causing detoxification of internal and external substances including alcohol and toxins (15). Oxidative stress results in carcinogenesis, which occurs due to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the production of nitrogen species and antioxidant protective system.…”

“…Oxidative stress results in carcinogenesis, which occurs due to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the production of nitrogen species and antioxidant protective system. Recent theory has shown that signals that are produced due to chronic stimulations of inflammatory and stromal cells cause uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells along with oxidative stresses (1,2,15). These stresses lead to the production of oxidative and nitrative products, causing DNA damage, eventually bringing about neoplastic changes (15).…”

“…Recent theory has shown that signals that are produced due to chronic stimulations of inflammatory and stromal cells cause uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells along with oxidative stresses (1,2,15). These stresses lead to the production of oxidative and nitrative products, causing DNA damage, eventually bringing about neoplastic changes (15). Lipid peroxidation produces regenerated oxygen, causing the development of aldehyde.…”

Forkhead box p3 controls progression of oral lichen planus by regulating microRNA‐146a

“…Oral lichen planus (OLP), a precancerous lesion illness classified by the World Health Organization, is a common chronic mucocutaneous disease. 1 This inflammatory disorder has an immunological basis. It affects approximately 0.5% to 2.2% of the population and is more frequently observed in women than men.…”