Photometric study of divine proportion and its correlation with facial attractiveness

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is correlation between perception of facial esthetic and divine proportion, verifying if most attractive faces are closer to and less attractive faces are more distant to this proportion. Methods:Standard facial photographs (frontal and lateral) in natural head position were taken of a sample of 85 Brazilian Caucasian women, with mean age of 23 years and 9 months. The photographs were evaluated by 5 orthodontists, 5 artists and 5 laymen and were classified, according to their subjective analysis of facial esthetic, in pleasant, acceptable and not pleasant. Frontal photographs were evaluated by divine proportion analysis using the computerized method. Results and Conclusions:According to subjective analysis the sample consisted 18.8% of pleasant, 70.6% of acceptable and 10.6% of not pleasant faces. After statistical analysis, a lack of agreement was verified in esthetic facial preferences among the three groups of observers. It was also possible to verify that in this research there was no correlation between perception of facial beauty and divine proportion.

Three‐dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis of 50 smiles: A study of dento‐facial proportions

“…Regarding the face, similarly to many other values derived from anthropometric studies, φ can be found in and is regarded as compatible with subjectively pleasant proportions . The golden section can be involved in the esthetics of a face to a certain extent, but a visually unusual result is obtained if a face is completely built with such proportions . The definition of beauty is extremely complex; in particular it is difficult to determine whether we objectively find φ in subjectively beautiful faces or if these faces are considered beautiful because of an alchemy of proportions, with φ as a component …”

“…The face was ideally positioned in an orthonormal coordinate system with 3 planes of symmetry: the orbital plane, the midsagittal plane and the Frankfort horizontal plane. The landmarks used in this study were based on Farkas' definitions . Measurements were taken in the true vertical plane.…”

“…The landmarks used in this study were based on Farkas' definitions. 10 Measurements were taken in the true vertical plane. Distances were measured from:…”

“…8 The golden section can be involved in the esthetics of a face to a certain extent, but a visually unusual result is obtained if a face is completely built with such proportions. 9,10 The definition of beauty is extremely complex; in particular it is difficult to determine whether we objectively find u in subjectively beautiful faces or if these faces are considered beautiful because of an alchemy of proportions, with u as a component. 11 Few studies have addressed the smile within the face, and these investigations have produced contradictory findings.…”

A New Hypothesis on Facial Beauty Perception

“…Nevertheless, the validity of these putative rules is still in question. Recent studies have shown that the most attractive ratios are not exactly golden ratio [Holland 2008;Peron et al 2012]. Fan et al [2012] generated a synthesized face image that has neoclassical canons and the most possible golden ratios, but it only received a below normal rating.…”