Cementum, apical morphology and hypercementosis: a probable adaptive response of the periodontal support tissues and potential orthodontic implications

Consolaro, Alberto; Consolaro, Renata Bianco; Francischone, Leda A.

doi:10.1590/s2176-94512012000100003

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Hypercementosis (increased cementum thickness) around the roots of the anterior teeth (Fig. S2C) indicates high masticatory/paramasticatory loads (44) and advanced age (49). Ensuing calcification and overload of the periodontal ligament (50) might have led to loss of periodontal hafting, which then caused the marked lingual "overtipping" of the incisors, concomitant root exposure on the labial side, and incipient resorption on the external bony plate of the symphysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth wear and dentoalveolar remodeling are key factors of morphological variation in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, is unique in offering detailed insights into patterns of morphological variation within a paleodeme of early Homo. Cranial and dentoalveolar morphologies exhibit a high degree of diversity, but the causes of variation are still relatively unexplored. Here we show that wear-related dentoalveolar remodeling is one of the principal mechanisms causing mandibular shape variation in fossil Homo and in modern human huntergatherer populations. We identify a consistent pattern of mandibular morphological alteration, suggesting that dental wear and compensatory remodeling mechanisms remained fairly constant throughout the evolution of the genus Homo. With increasing occlusal and interproximal tooth wear, the teeth continue to erupt, the posterior dentition tends to drift in a mesial direction, and the front teeth become more upright. The resulting changes in dentognathic size and shape are substantial and need to be taken into account in comparative taxonomic analyses of isolated hominin mandibles. Our data further show that excessive tooth wear eventually leads to a breakdown of the normal remodeling mechanisms, resulting in dentognathic pathologies, tooth loss, and loss of masticatory function. Complete breakdown of dentognathic homeostasis, however, is unlikely to have limited the life span of early Homo because this effect was likely mediated by the preparation of soft foods.aging | compensatory mechanisms | toothpick | local periodontitis | early Pleistocene Homo A lthough patterns of dental micro-and macrowear and wearrelated pathologies are amply documented in the hominin fossil record (1-5), processes of in vivo dentoalveolar remodeling (3, 6, 7) and their potential influence on dentognathic morphology are only beginning to be studied in fossil hominins (8). In modern human hunter-gatherer populations, remodeling of dentoalveolar hard tissue is triggered mainly by dental wear, aging, pathologies, and trauma. Wear-related remodeling can be understood as a mechanism of in vivo modification that maintains masticatory function (3,7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Three main processes are typically identified (Fig. 1): i) Wear-induced reduction of dental crown height leads to alterations in masticatory biomechanics. This triggers alveolar bone remodeling, yielding dislocation of dental structures and eventual continuous eruption of all teeth. As an effect, occlusal contact between upper and lower teeth is maintained (15-17), and the position and orientation of the occlusal plane relative to the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) is held approximately constant, thus preventing the "wear-out" (18) of the TMJs. ii) The reduction of mesiodistal crown dimensions through interproximal dental wear triggers alveolar bone remodeling in the mesiodistal direction. This leads to mesial drift of the postcanine dentition and shortening of the dental arcade (19).iii) In the anterior dentition, remodeling induced by interproximal wear results in increas...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth wear and dentoalveolar remodeling are key factors of morphological variation in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Under rare conditions, cementum becomes thicker, referred to as hypercementosis, and this is characterized by the non-neoplastic hyperplasia of cementum and commonly occurs in the apical area of the involved tooth (11,24). However, hypercementosis is rare under general occlusal conditions although cementoblasts are mechanically stimulated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response to light compressive force in human cementoblasts in vitro

et al. 2016

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The objective of this study is to investigate the responses of human cementoblasts to light compressive force in vitro. A human cementoblast cell line (HCEM) was loaded for 12 h by mounting coverslips (0.25 gf/cm 2 ). The coverslips were removed and the cells were cultured for up to 21 days. Cells without glass loading were used as controls. Cell growth, morphological changes, and the mRNA expression of RUNX2, ALP, WNT5A and SPON1 were investigated. No significant differences were observed in cell numbers between the compressed group and control group. Morphology of the compressed cells was slightly flattened on day 0; however, no indications of cell death were detected. Expression of differentiation markers including RUNX2, ALP and WNT5A was significantly lower in the compressed group (0.7, 0.75 and 0.75-fold respectively, P < 0.05) than in the control group on day 7. The expression levels of SPON1, a differentiation marker of cementoblasts, were higher on days 7 and 14 than on day 0, but were lower in the compressed group than in the control group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that light compressive force does not affect cell growth and morphology, but restrains higher expression of cementogenic differentiation markers in human cementoblasts in vitro.

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“…The incidence of hypercementosis by race or population group has not yet been established. The most frequently affected teeth are mandibular molar, followed by mandibular and maxillary second premolars and mandibular first premolars 4. However, some authors have found premolars to be the most commonly affected teeth 1 2…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypercementosis: a rare finding in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Shoor¹,

Sujir²,

Mutalik

et al. 2014

BMJ Case Reports

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SUMMARYHypercementosis is excessive deposition of non-neoplastic cementum over normal root cementum, which alters root morphology. This cementum may be either hypocellular or cellular in nature. The aetiopathogenesis of hypercementosis is ambiguous. Although most of the cases are idiopathic, several local and systemic factors are also linked to this condition, such as Paget's disease, acromegaly, vitamin A deficiency, etc. We report two rare cases of hypercementosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, not previously described in the literature, and also discuss the possible aetiopathogenesis. BACKGROUND

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Cementum, apical morphology and hypercementosis: a probable adaptive response of the periodontal support tissues and potential orthodontic implications

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Tooth wear and dentoalveolar remodeling are key factors of morphological variation in the Dmanisi mandibles

Tooth wear and dentoalveolar remodeling are key factors of morphological variation in the Dmanisi mandibles

<b>Response to light compressive force in human cementoblasts </b><i><b>in </b></i><i><b>vitro </b></i>

Hypercementosis: a rare finding in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

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