Gastrointestinal parasites in wild rodents in Chiloé Island-Chile

Carrera-Játiva, Patricio D.; Torres, Constanza; Figueroa-Sandoval, Fernanda; Beltrami, Esperanza; Verdugo, Claudio; Landaeta‐Aqueveque, Carlos; Acosta‐Jamett, Gerardo

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612023002

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…In the particular case of the MF method, MF has proven to be an innovative, sensitive, and cost-effective technique for diagnosing intestinal helminths, particularly in veterinary parasitology. In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted its potential for quantitatively monitoring parasite infections in wildlife populations (Alvarado-Villalobos et al 2017; Catalano et al 2019; Lobos-Ovalle et al 2021; Coker et al 2020; Marcer et al 2022; Johnson et al 2022), including rodents (Carrera-Jativa et al 2023; Catalano et al 2019; Lima et al 2017). Specifically in rodent studies, FLOTAC and Mini-FLOTAC have emerged as sensitive and reliable tools for conducting future studies, reducing the need for lethal sampling methods and facilitating the comparison of communities and epidemiology over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a more sensitive, precise, and accurate methodology. A simplified version, the Mini-FLOTAC technique, involves fewer preparation steps and is employed for routine parasitological diagnosis in various animal species (Barda et al 2013a,b; Maurelli et al 2014; Alvardo-Villalobos et al 2017; Lobos-Ovalle et al 2021; Coker et al 2020; Marcer et al 2022; Johnson et al 2022), including rodents (Catalano et al 2019; Carrera-Jativa et al 2023; Lima et al 2017). However, there still is a lack of consensus on the optimal protocol for diagnosing coccidia and helminth infections in resource-scarce settings, a common challenge when studying many wild mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal parasite assemblages from the wild rodent capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) inhabiting a natural protected area from Argentina

Tietze,

Bellusci,

Cañal

et al. 2023

J. Helminthol.

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Knowledge about parasitic diseases of wildlife will help us to understand the dynamics of parasites and their effects on host populations. The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the largest living rodent in the world, and its distribution is associated with the presence of tropical and subtropical wetlands in South America. The Los Padres Lake Integral Reserve (LPLIR) is an important conservation zone in the pampean region of Argentina. One of the emblematic species found within the reserve is the capybara. The objective of this study was to determine the gastrointestinal parasites present in wild capybaras of the LPLIR and to compare different coprological methodologies. Free-ranging capybara fresh feces from 57 individuals were randomly collected from the area of LPLIR in the summer of 2022. Three different techniques were applied: spontaneous sedimentation technique (SS), INTA modified McMaster technique (MM), and Mini-FLOTAC (MF) technique. Fifty-six samples from all samples analysed (56/57, 98%) were found to be positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Two species of Strongylida, Protozoophaga obesa, Echinocoleus hydrochaeris, one unidentified nematode, one unidentified spirurid, and at least two morphotypes of Eimeria spp. oocysts were recorded. There were found significant differences in the proportion of positive samples and in richness by technique, but no significant differences were found in parasite counting. In conclusion, the choice of methodology depends on the specific objectives of the study. This is the first parasitological study of capybaras from the LPLIR and represents an exploration of parasite communities present in these wild rodents at their southernmost distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasite assemblages from the wild rodent capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) inhabiting a natural protected area from Argentina

Tietze,

Bellusci,

Cañal

et al. 2023

J. Helminthol.

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The adaptive immune response toTrichurisin wild versus laboratory mice: An established model system in context

Mair,

Fenn,

Wolfenden

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Laboratory model organisms have provided a window into how the immune system functions. An increasing body of evidence, however, suggests that the immune responses of naive laboratory animals may differ substantially to those of their wild counterparts. Past exposure, environmental challenges and physiological condition may all impact on immune responsiveness. Chronic infections of soil-transmitted helminths impose significant health burdens on humans, livestock and wildlife, with limited treatment success. In laboratory mice, Th1 versus Th2 immune polarisation is the major determinant of helminth infection outcome. Here we compared antigen-specific immune responses to the soil-transmitted whipwormTrichuris murisbetween controlled laboratory and wild free-ranging populations of house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Wild mice harbouring chronic, low-level infections produced lower levels of cytokines in response to Trichuris antigen than laboratory-housed C57BL/6 mice. Wild mouse effector/memory CD4+ T cell phenotype reflected the antigen-specific cytokine response across the Th1/Th2 spectrum. Increasing worm burden was associated with body condition loss. However, local Trichuris-specific Th1/Th2 balance was positively associated with worm burden only in older wild mice. Thus, although the fundamental relationships between the CD4+ T helper cell response and resistance to T. muris infection are similar in both laboratory and wildM.m.domesticus,there are quantitative differences and age-specific effects that are analogous to human immune responses. These context-dependent immune responses demonstrate the fundamental importance of understanding the differences between model and natural systems for translating mechanistic models to ‘real world’ immune function.

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The adaptive immune response to Trichuris in wild versus laboratory mice: An established model system in context

Mair,

Fenn,

Wolfenden

et al. 2024

PLoS Pathog

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Laboratory model organisms have provided a window into how the immune system functions. An increasing body of evidence, however, suggests that the immune responses of naive laboratory animals may differ substantially to those of their wild counterparts. Past exposure, environmental challenges and physiological condition may all impact on immune responsiveness. Chronic infections of soil-transmitted helminths, which we define as establishment of adult, fecund worms, impose significant health burdens on humans, livestock and wildlife, with limited treatment success. In laboratory mice, Th1 versus Th2 immune polarisation is the major determinant of helminth infection outcome. Here we compared antigen-specific immune responses to the soil-transmitted whipworm Trichuris muris between controlled laboratory and wild free-ranging populations of house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Wild mice harbouring chronic, low-level infections produced lower levels of cytokines in response to Trichuris antigen than laboratory-housed C57BL/6 mice. Wild mouse effector/memory CD4+ T cell phenotype reflected the antigen-specific cytokine response across the Th1/Th2 spectrum. Increasing worm burden was associated with body condition loss. However, local Trichuris-specific Th1/Th2 balance was positively associated with worm burden only in older wild mice. Thus, although the fundamental relationships between the CD4+ T helper cell response and resistance to T. muris infection are similar in both laboratory and wild M. m. domesticus, there are quantitative differences and age-specific effects that are analogous to human immune responses. These context-dependent immune responses demonstrate the fundamental importance of understanding the differences between model and natural systems for translating mechanistic models to ‘real world’ immune function.

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Gastrointestinal parasites in wild rodents in Chiloé Island-Chile

Cited by 4 publications

References 76 publications

Gastrointestinal parasite assemblages from the wild rodent capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) inhabiting a natural protected area from Argentina

Gastrointestinal parasite assemblages from the wild rodent capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) inhabiting a natural protected area from Argentina

The adaptive immune response toTrichurisin wild versus laboratory mice: An established model system in context

The adaptive immune response to Trichuris in wild versus laboratory mice: An established model system in context

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