Analysis of Bm86 conserved epitopes: is a global vaccine against Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus possible?

Blecha, I. M. Z.; Csordas, Bárbara Guimarães; Aguirre, André de Abreu Rangel; Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero; Garcia, Marcos Valério; Andreotti, Renato

doi:10.1590/s1984-296120180056

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the concept of epitope-chimera vaccines has been exploited toward the control of ticks [ 147 ], reports of enhanced protection under field conditions remain scarce. This could be attributed to the fact that there are still no standard pipelines for predicting tick vaccine epitopes [ 148 , 149 , 150 ].…”

Section: Can We Enhance the Efficacy Of Cocktail Vaccines?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocktail Anti-Tick Vaccines: The Unforeseen Constraints and Approaches toward Enhanced Efficacies

Ndawula

Lew-Tabor

2020

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ticks are second to mosquitoes as vectors of disease. Ticks affect livestock industries in Asia, Africa and Australia at ~$1.13 billion USD per annum. For instance, 80% of the global cattle population is at risk of infestation by the Rhipicephalus microplus species-complex, which in 2016 was estimated to cause $22–30 billion USD annual losses. Although the management of tick populations mainly relies on the application of acaricides, this raises concerns due to tick resistance and accumulation of chemical residues in milk, meat, and the environment. To counteract acaricide-resistant tick populations, immunological tick control is regarded among the most promising sustainable strategies. Indeed, immense efforts have been devoted toward identifying tick vaccine antigens. Until now, Bm86-based vaccines have been the most effective under field conditions, but they have shown mixed success worldwide. Currently, of the two Bm86 vaccines commercialized in the 1990s (GavacTM in Cuba and TickGARDPLUSTM in Australia), only GavacTM is available. There is thus growing consensus that combining antigens could broaden the protection range and enhance the efficacies of tick vaccines. Yet, the anticipated outcomes have not been achieved under field conditions. Therefore, this review demystifies the potential limitations and proposes ways of sustaining enhanced cocktail tick vaccine efficacy.

show abstract

Section: Can We Enhance the Efficacy Of Cocktail Vaccines?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocktail Anti-Tick Vaccines: The Unforeseen Constraints and Approaches toward Enhanced Efficacies

Ndawula

Lew-Tabor

2020

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This new approach prompted the development and commercialization of vaccines based on the recombinant protein Bm86 [ 7 , 21 , 31 , 36 ]. This success was, however, overshadowed by the fact that these vaccines show variable effectiveness in different tick populations, attributable to antigenic variations in the Bm86 protein between tick populations [ 7 , 19 , 37 ]. Consequently, there is a need to characterize novel antigens in order to improve immunological protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoprotection evaluation of the recombinant N-terminal domain of Cys-loop receptors against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick infestation

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of cattle and act as vectors for disease-causing microorganisms. Conventional tick control is based on the application of chemical acaricides; however, their uncontrolled use has increased resistant tick populations, as well as food and environmental contamination. Alternative immunological tick control has shown to be partially effective. Therefore, there is a need to characterize novel antigens in order to improve immunological protection. The aim of this work was to evaluate Cys-loop receptors as vaccine candidates. N-terminal domains of a glutamate receptor and of a glycine-like receptor were recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli. Groups of BALB/c mice were independently immunized with four doses of each recombinant protein emulsified with Freund’s adjuvant. Both vaccine candidates were immunogenic in mice as demonstrated by western blot analysis. Next, recombinant proteins were independently formulated with the adjuvant Montanide ISA 50 V2 and evaluated in cattle infested with Rhipicephalus microplus tick larvae. Groups of three European crossbred calves were immunized with three doses of each adjuvanted protein. ELISA test was used to evaluate the IgG immune response elicited against the recombinant proteins. Results showed that vaccine candidates generated a moderate humoral response on vaccinated cattle. Vaccination significantly affected the number of engorged adult female ticks, having no significant effects on tick weight, egg weight and egg fertility values. Vaccine efficacies of 33% and 25% were calculated for the glutamate receptor and the glycine-like receptor, respectively.

show abstract

“…Vaccine development is a promising alternative to control tick infestations and pathogen transmission. Currently, Section Editor: Neil Bruce Chilton two recombinant Bm86 protein-based vaccines are commercially available in Australia, Cuba, Mexico, and South America (Guerrero et al 2012;Parizi et al 2012;Schetters et al 2016;Blecha et al 2018). Nevertheless, variable efficacy levels against R. microplus strains in separate geographical locations are reported, which may be associated with natural allelic variations in the Bm86 protein and also physiological differences between tick species (Sossai et al 2005;Blecha et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, Section Editor: Neil Bruce Chilton two recombinant Bm86 protein-based vaccines are commercially available in Australia, Cuba, Mexico, and South America (Guerrero et al 2012;Parizi et al 2012;Schetters et al 2016;Blecha et al 2018). Nevertheless, variable efficacy levels against R. microplus strains in separate geographical locations are reported, which may be associated with natural allelic variations in the Bm86 protein and also physiological differences between tick species (Sossai et al 2005;Blecha et al 2018). Recently, the ATAQ protein was identified as a putative Bm86 homolog with high similarity; it is expressed in midgut and Malpighian tubules of all ticks from the Rhipicephalus genus, which suggests ATAQ as a candidate protein for vaccine development and a potential antigen for the control of the cattle tick R. microplus (Nijhof et al 2010;Aguirre et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of the ATAQ gene in Rhipicephalus microplus collected in Mexico and implications as anti-tick vaccine

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus has a large impact on cattle production due to its bloodsucking habit and transmission of pathogens that cause babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Application of acaricides constitutes the major control method but is often accompanied by serious drawbacks, including environmental contamination and an increase in acaricide resistance by ticks. The recent development of anti-tick vaccines has provided positive results in the post-genomic era, owing to the rise of reverse vaccinological and bioinformatics approaches to analyze and identify candidate protective antigens for use against ticks. The ATAQ protein is considered a novel antigen for the control of the cattle tick R. microplus; it is expressed in midguts and Malpighian tubules of all ticks from the Rhipicephalus genus. However, genetic diversity studies are required. Here, the ATAQ gene was sequenced of seven R. microplus tick isolates from different regions in Mexico to understand the genetic diversity. The results showed that sequence identity among the Mexican isolates ranged between 98 and 100% and 97.8-100% at the nucleotide and protein levels, respectively. Alignments of deduced amino acid sequences from different R. microplus ATAQ isolates in Mexico revealed a high degree of conservation. However, the Mexican isolates differed from the R. microplus "Mozambique" strain, at 20 amino acid residues. Finally, the analysis of more R. microplus isolates, and possibly of other Rhipicephalus species, to determine the genetic diversity in the ATAQ locus is essential to suggest this antigen as a vaccine candidate that might control tick infestations.

show abstract

Analysis of Bm86 conserved epitopes: is a global vaccine against Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus possible?

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Cocktail Anti-Tick Vaccines: The Unforeseen Constraints and Approaches toward Enhanced Efficacies

Cocktail Anti-Tick Vaccines: The Unforeseen Constraints and Approaches toward Enhanced Efficacies

Immunoprotection evaluation of the recombinant N-terminal domain of Cys-loop receptors against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick infestation

Genetic diversity of the ATAQ gene in Rhipicephalus microplus collected in Mexico and implications as anti-tick vaccine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About