Infections of Hypostomus spp. by Trypanosoma spp. and leeches: a study of hematology and record of these hirudineans as potential vectors of these hemoflagellates

Corrêa, Lincoln Lima; Oliveira, Marcos Sidney Brito; Tavares‐Dias, Marcos; Ceccarelli, Paulo S.

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612016049

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The leukocytes` reaction to parasites is similar to that occurring in guinea pigs and fresh water fish in cases of both acute and chronic processes. Usually, there is a steep increase in the total number of leukocytes and shift of the leukogram towards granular forms of cells (Shahi et al, 2013;Correa et al, 2016;Maqbool & Ahmed, 2016), which was also found in our study. Some authors mention that the reaction of phagocytes to trypanosome infection depends on the intensity of the invasion, its stage, and also the species of parasite and fish (Forlenza et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Therefore, protozoa caused no change in the share of thrombocytes in loricariid Hypostomus sp. (Correa et al, 2016), but carp with severe tryponosomiasis were observed to have a decrease in population of these cells in the spleen and blood and their apoptosis caused by increase in the level of nitrogen oxide in the blood (Fink et al, 2015), during our study, the bream showed a reliable increase in the share of these cells. Contradictions in the abovementioned data could most likely indicate insufficient study of this parameter in the response reaction of the host organism to parasitemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of trypanosomiasis on hematologic characteristics of bream (Abramis brama)

Lapirova

Заботкина

2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trypanosomes are flagellated protozoa; they parasitize in the blood of a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates, including fish, for which leeches are carriers. The metabolites released by trypanosomes are toxic to the host, cause disruption of homeostasis, which leads to illness and even death. Parasites in fish living in hot climates are the most common and better studied. Trypanosomes were first detected in common bream (Abramis brama L.) from the Uglich Reservoir (Upper Volga) in August 2015. The aim of this work is to study the effect of these parasites on the hematological parameters of the fish. As a control, blood indices of uninfected fish were used. The condition factor of infected fish did not differ from that of healthy fish. There were no significant differences between the two groups of fish in contents of total serum protein and glycemia. This may indicate a low level of bream parasitemia. At the same time, a significant increase in the leukocyte abundance index was detected, which indirectly indicates an increase in the number of these cells in the infected fish compared with the control ones, statistically significant differences were found in the leukogram: the proportion of eosinophils in the diseased fish increased almost 6 times while the relative number of lymphocytes decreased. The pattern of red blood also changed: the proportion of immature erythrocytes increased in the infected fish; a small number of microcytes and amitoses of erythrocytes and differences in the cytometric characteristics of red blood cells were found. The level of hemoglobin significantly decreased. A sharp increase in the content of circulating immune complexes indicates a shift in antigenic homeostasis caused by the presence of parasites. A similarity in the reaction of a number of indicators of the blood system of bream with trypanosomiasis to that of animals of higher systematic groups was revealed. The interpretation of the results obtained during the study of the effect of parasites on the host organism requires consideration of its physiological status and habitat conditions, the stage of the disease and the mechanism of adaptation of the parasite to the host defense system.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Effect of trypanosomiasis on hematologic characteristics of bream (Abramis brama)

Lapirova

Заботкина

2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…is the most common. 7 , 53 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 Furthermore, leeches can be vectors for some viruses, fungi and parasites in animals, 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 but it seems that application of leeches to humans also has infection potential. 68 , 69 However, these complications are rare and the most common adverse effects are itching and bleeding on the application area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal leech therapy—an overall perspective

Sığ

Güney

Güçlü

et al. 2017

Integrative Medicine Research

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Complementary medicine methods have a long history, but modern medicine has just recently focused on their possible modes of action. Medicinal leech therapy (MLT) or hirudotherapy, an old technique, has been studied by many researchers for possible effects on various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, osteoarthritis, and after different surgeries. Hirudo medicinalis has widest therapeutic usage among the leeches, but worldwide, many different species were tested and studied. Leeches secrete more than 20 identified bioactive substances such as antistasin, eglins, guamerin, hirudin, saratin, bdellins, complement, and carboxypeptidase inhibitors. They have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, platelet inhibitory, anticoagulant, and thrombin regulatory functions, as well as extracellular matrix degradative and antimicrobial effects, but with further studies, the spectrum of effects may widen. The technique is cheap, effective, easy to apply, and its modes of action have been elucidated for certain diseases. In conclusion, for treatment of some diseases, MLT is not an alternative, but is a complementary and/or integrative choice. MLT is a part of multidisciplinary treatments, and secretes various bioactive substances. These substances vary among species and different species should be evaluated for both treatment capability and their particular secreted molecules. There is huge potential for novel substances and these could be future therapeutics.

show abstract

“…However, the complete description of the life cycle of Trypanosoma is not well understood in aquaculture. What seems to be the consensus among researchers is that leeches are the intermediate host for fish trypanosomiasis and that this parasite enters the host through the suction wound (Negm-Eldin and Davies, 1999;Karlsbakk et al, 2005;Hayes et al, 2014;Corrêa et al, 2016). Within the host, this parasite multiplies and is found in large numbers in the bloodstream of the fish and, consequently, affects all organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South America, reports of trypanosomiasis are common in several armored fish species (Eiras et al, 1989;Eiras et al, 1990;D'Agosto and Serra-Freire, 1993;Fujimoto et al, 2013;Lemos and Souto-Padrón, 2014;Lemos et al, 2015;Molina et al, 2016;Corrêa et al, 2016), Petenia kraussii (Grögl et al, 1980), catsharks (Morillas et al, 1987;Silva et al, 2005), and in tuvira (Pádua et al, 2011), highlighting that in all these cases, the hosts are wild fish. The most relevant reports of trypanosomiasis in farmed fish are related to groupers in China (Chong, 2005;Su et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015), and to our knowledge, only Hamid and Babiker (2011) have reported Trypanosoma infections in cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Sudan).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosomiasis causing mortality outbreak in Nile tilapia intensive farming: Identification and pathological evaluation

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trypanosomes are flagellated parasite protozoans that prey especially on wild fish and have recently been described affecting fish in aquaculture. The present study was carried out during a mortality outbreak of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in net cages. Samples of 10 fish in the finishing phase showing unspecific signs, such as anorexia, skin darkening and gill paleness, were analyzed using hemogram, parasitology, microbiology, histopathology, electron microscopy and molecular identification. For microbiological analysis, the kidney was collected aseptically and cultured on tryptone soy agar for 48 h at 30°C. For parasitological analysis, skin, gills, intestinal contents and blood scrapings were examined. Photomicrographs of the parasite were measured. For molecular identification, blood samples were processed and sequenced for amplification of the 18S rDNA gene. Gills, liver, spleen, kidney, heart and intestine were sampled for histopathological processing. The microbiological results indicated that the fish were not infected with bacteria. Scrapings of the skin and gills revealed the massive presence of kinetoplastids, which were also observed in greater numbers than erythrocytes in the blood. Intestines were not affected by endoparasites. The morphometric characteristics indicated the presence of the Trypanosoma genus, which was confirmed in the sequenced samples, where 95% and 98% of the identity were Trypanosoma sp. In histopathology, all organs presented different levels of alteration, accompanied by large numbers of the parasite in small and large vessels. The main findings were the description of mast cell infiltrates in the gill and intestine, as well as multifocal aggregates of melanomacrophages in the liver, pancreas, spleen and kidney. Furthermore, the study addresses the newest features of clinical signs of infected fish and possible causes of infestations and compares the diagnosis of this hemoparasite with other hemoflagellates. To our knowledge, this study represents the first outbreak of Trypanosoma in Nile tilapia in South America. The authors warn of possible new cases of trypanosomiasis in aquaculture, recommending possible forms of containment and biosecurity measures.

show abstract

Infections of Hypostomus spp. by Trypanosoma spp. and leeches: a study of hematology and record of these hirudineans as potential vectors of these hemoflagellates

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of trypanosomiasis on hematologic characteristics of bream (Abramis brama)

Effect of trypanosomiasis on hematologic characteristics of bream (Abramis brama)

Medicinal leech therapy—an overall perspective

Trypanosomiasis causing mortality outbreak in Nile tilapia intensive farming: Identification and pathological evaluation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About