Behavior predictions of deep beams with short straight bar anchorages using strut-and-tie models and nonlinear analysis

Abstract

This paper investigates the laboratory test results of 12 deep beams available in the literature, where the longitudinal reinforcement was anchored into the support using short straight bar anchorages. Four different specimen groups with three different shear span-to-depth ratios (a/d) were selected and most of the deep beams failed by strut crushing after yielding of the main longitudinal reinforcement. In order to investigate the behavior of the selected deep beams, an enhanced strut-and-tie model assuming geometrical adaptability (possibility of update in the dimensions of the struts and ties as the main tie starts to yield) is proposed. The analytical results obtained using this approach may be considered as much as accurate than some conducted complex nonlinear analysis considering smeared fixed cracking model and bond-slip behavior. However, an improvement on the effective strength factor of bottle-shaped struts by means of an iterative strut-and-tie model is needed, once the effective strength factor prescribed by NBR6118 (2014) has shown to be over conservative for all ranges of span-to-depth ratio (a/d) investigated. Finally, the obtained results indicated that short bar anchorages did not seem to influence significantly the shear strength of the deep beams investigated, especially the strength of bottled-shaped struts when appropriate crack control reinforcement is present.

Simplified nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete coupling beams subjected to cyclic loading

“…In order to better investigate the coupling beams tested by Breña & Ihtiyar (2011), the package software ATENA2D was selected as it presents powerful constitutive models for structural concrete. Besides that, previous experiences of the authors (Souza et al, 2007;Souza & Breña, 2016) with the constitutive model SBETA shows that nonlinear finite element simulations can be used not only for the analysis of ultimate loads, but also for the analysis of the service conditions for crack widths, crack spacing and deflections.…”