Exercício físico em portadores de hipertensão arterial: uma análise conceitual

Abstract

In the treatment of arterial hypertension, physical exercises have been appointed as one of the main non-pharmacological measures. This study aims to analyze the concept of physical exercise in patients with hypertension and identify possible critical attributes and preceding and consequent factors. The study followed the conceptual analysis methodology and the integrative revision of scientific articles related to the topic. As to critical attributes, aspects related to time, frequency, duration and intensity of physical exercise were identified. The preceding factors found were: advice/education, motivation, goal development from Transtheoretical Model, self-efficacy and support groups. Regarding the consequent factors, general health benefits were evidenced as physiological, psychosocial, cognitive and behavioral benefits. The conceptual analysis supports quality assistance centered in the patient with hypertension, aiming the control of the disease and the prevention of complications.

Análise conceitual de autogestão do indivíduo hipertenso

“…Such activities include managing symptoms, treating health conditions, face intrinsic physical and psychological conditions, aiming to produce changes in lifestyle and in coping with chronic conditions (1) . Therefore, it is essential that nurses strive to understand such conditions in order to develop strategies to face hypertension (2) .…”

Estudo PAI - Estudo da Pressão Arterial em Idanha-a-Nova/Pt

“…Tal, pode-se justificar não só pelo aumento da produção de colagénio pelas células do músculo liso da árvore arterial geral, como também devido à elevada sensibilidade do sódio e défice de óxido nítrico na população idosa, o que conduz a um aumento do stress oxidativo. Estas alterações modificam a distensibilidade dos vasos, provocada pela redução da elasticidade e aumento da rigidez, condicionando assim a um aumento da PAS, que leva ao aumento das necessidades metabólicas do coração, o que por outro lado também poderá condicionar Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda e posteriormente Insuficiência Cardíaca (Gonzaga, Sousa & Amodeo, 2009 (Brandão et al, 2010;Brito, Araújo, Galvão, Moreira & Lopes, 2008;Guedes & Lopes, 2010;Laterza, Amaro, Negrão & Rondon, 2008;Scher, Nobre & Lima, 2008). No que diz respeito à atividade física, a percentagem obtida no nosso estudo diz respeito a toda e qualquer atividade, sem ter sido descriminada a tipologia, intensidade e duração.…”

Concept clarification of «delayed surgical recovery» for clinical practice implementation

“…A concept analysis of the nursing diagnosis «delayed surgical recovery» was conducted. Due to its clear theoretical-practical applicability for nursing diagnoses (Guedes & Lopes, 2010), we chose the model proposed by Walker and Avant (2011). This model consists of eight steps: 1 -Selecting the concept; 2 -Determining the purposes of the concept analysis; 3 -Identifying the uses of the concept; 4 -Determining the critical attributes (diagnostic elements that differentiate the phenomenon); 5 -Developing the model cases; 6 -Developing other cases; 7 -Identifying the antecedents and consequences; 8 -Defining the empirical referents.…”