High incidence of Tomato chlorosis virus alone and in mixed infection with begomoviruses in two tomato fields in the Federal District and Goiás state, Brazil

Macedo, M. A.; Barreto, Sarah S.; Hallwass, Mariana; Inoue‐Nagata, Alice K.

doi:10.1590/s1982-56762014000600005

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Outbreaks of golden mosaic disease in fresh-market tomatoes are currently common in Brazil, even with the use of cultivars resistant to begomoviruses (Macedo et al, 2014). These cultivars usually carry the Ty-1 gene, which is the most widely used gene that confers resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus and other begomoviruses (Zamir et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease is caused by the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), which is also transmitted by whiteflies. This disease has rapidly spread across the main tomato production areas in Brazil (Barbosa et al, 2011;Macedo et al, 2014). ToCV is the only crinivirus that has been reported in tomatoes in Brazil (Barbosa et al, 2008(Barbosa et al, , 2011, and little genetic variability has been found among isolates (Albuquerque et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial progress of the diseases caused by the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus and the begomovirus tomato severe rugose virus in tomatoes in Brazil

et al. 2018

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Efficient management of whitefly‐borne diseases remains a challenge due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of their epidemiology, particularly of the diseases tomato golden mosaic and tomato yellowing. Here, by monitoring 16 plots in four commercial fields, the temporal and spatial distribution of these two diseases were studied in tomato fields in Brazil. In the experimental plots these diseases were caused by tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), respectively. The incidence of each virus was similar in the plots within a field but varied greatly among fields. Plants with symptoms for both diseases were randomly distributed in three of four spatial analyses. The curves representing the progress of both diseases were similar and contained small fluctuations, indicating that the spread of both viruses was similar under field conditions. In transmission experiments of ToSRV and ToCV by Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (former biotype B), these viruses had a similar transmission rate in single or mixed infections. It was then shown that primary and secondary spread of ToCV were not efficiently controlled by insecticide applications. Finally, in a typical monomolecular model of disease progress, simulation of the primary dissemination of ToSRV and ToCV showed that infected plants were predominantly randomly distributed. It is concluded that, although the manner of vector transmission differs between ToSRV (persistent) and ToCV (semipersistent), the main dispersal mechanisms are most probably similar for these two diseases: primary spread is the predominant mechanism, and epidemics of these diseases have been caused by several influxes of viruliferous whiteflies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial progress of the diseases caused by the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus and the begomovirus tomato severe rugose virus in tomatoes in Brazil

et al. 2018

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“…In the case of ToCV in tomato, mixed infections with other viruses have been described to be frequent in several countries. The viruses involved in mixed infections with ToCV include tomato yellow leaf curl virus (a monopartite Old World begomovirus transmitted by B. tabaci ) (Martínez‐Zubiaur et al , ), tomato severe rugose virus (a bipartite New World begomovirus transmitted by B. tabaci ) (Macedo et al , ), pepino mosaic virus (a potexvirus transmitted by mechanical contact) (Davino et al , ) and tomato torrado virus (a torradovirus transmitted by B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum ) (Gómez et al , ). The above papers describing mixed infections with begomoviruses reported that the symptoms observed in plants infected with both are more severe than those induced by the begomovirus alone.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato chlorosis virus, an emergent plant virus still expanding its geographical and host ranges

Fiallo‐Olivé

Navas‐Castillo

2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) causes an important disease that primarily affects tomato, although it has been found infecting other economically important vegetable crops and a wide range of wild plants. First described in Florida (USA) and associated with a ‘yellow leaf disorder’ in the mid‐1990s, ToCV has been found in 35 countries and territories to date, constituting a paradigmatic example of an emergent plant pathogen. ToCV is transmitted semipersistently by whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) belonging to the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes . Whitefly transmission is highly efficient and cases of 100% infection are frequently observed in the field. To date, no resistant or tolerant tomato plants are commercially available and the control of the disease relies primarily on the control of the insect vector. Taxonomy Tomato chlorosis virus is one of the 14 accepted species in the genus Crinivirus , one of the four genera in the family Closteroviridae of plant viruses. Virion and genome properties The genome of ToCV is composed of two molecules of single‐stranded positive‐sense RNA, named RNA1 and RNA2, separately encapsidated in long, flexuous, rod‐like virions. As has been shown for other closterovirids, ToCV virions are believed to have a bipolar structure. RNA1 contains four open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins associated with virus replication and suppression of gene silencing, whereas RNA2 contains nine ORFs encoding proteins putatively involved in encapsidation, cell‐to‐cell movement, gene silencing suppression and whitefly transmission. Host range In addition to tomato, ToCV has been found to infect 84 dicot plant species belonging to 25 botanical families, including economically important crops. Transmission Like all species within the genus Crinivirus , ToCV is semipersistently transmitted by whiteflies, being one of only two criniviruses transmitted by members of the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes . Disease symptoms Tomato ‘yellow leaf disorder’ syndrome includes interveinal yellowing and thickening of leaves. Symptoms first develop on lower leaves and then advance towards the upper part of the plant. Bronzing and necrosis of the older leaves are accompanied by a decline in vigour and reduction in fruit yield. In other hosts the most common symptoms include interveinal chlorosis and mild yellowing on older leaves. Control Control of the disease caused by ToCV is based on the use of healthy seedlings for transplanting, limiting accessibility of alternate host plants that can serve as virus reservoirs and the spraying of insecticides for vector control. Although several wild tomato species have been sh...

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“…Tomatoes can be naturally infected by one or both viruses, as reported by Macedo et al . () after analysing their incidence in leaf samples from 150 tomato plants collected in central Brazil. Forty‐eight percent of the plants were doubly infected, while 32% and 20% were infected only with ToCV or ToSRV, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of synergistic effects in tomato plants co‐infected with tomato severe rugose virus and tomato chlorosis virus

et al. 2019

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The begomovirus Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and the crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), in single and co‐infections, are very common in tomato crops in Brazil. Both viruses are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaciMEAM1 (biotype B). The objective of this study was to analyse the interaction between ToSRV and ToCV in tomato plants of cultivars Santa Clara and Kada. Plants at 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence were inoculated with 30 viruliferous B. tabaci per plant. The following treatments were compared: plants inoculated with ToSRV, ToCV, ToSRV + ToCV, and healthy (control). The interaction between these viruses was analysed by measuring the virus titre by qPCR and the fresh and dry weights of the aerial parts of the tomato plants. Based on two independent assays, no significant effects for co‐infection of ToSRV and ToCV on virus titres and plant development were observed compared to single infections. The dry weight of tomato plants of both cultivars infected with ToSRV, ToCV, or co‐infected did not differ significantly. However, the dry weight of Santa Clara tomato plants infected with ToSRV, ToCV and ToSRV + ToCV showed mean reductions of 21.5%, 25.5% and 32%, respectively, compared to healthy plants, and mean reductions for Kada were 31.7%, 37.5% and 38%, respectively.

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High incidence of Tomato chlorosis virus alone and in mixed infection with begomoviruses in two tomato fields in the Federal District and Goiás state, Brazil

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Temporal and spatial progress of the diseases caused by the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus and the begomovirus tomato severe rugose virus in tomatoes in Brazil

Temporal and spatial progress of the diseases caused by the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus and the begomovirus tomato severe rugose virus in tomatoes in Brazil

Tomato chlorosis virus, an emergent plant virus still expanding its geographical and host ranges

Lack of synergistic effects in tomato plants co‐infected with tomato severe rugose virus and tomato chlorosis virus

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