High-density chitosan reduces the severity of bacterial spot and activates the defense mechanisms of tomato plants

Jail, Nathalie Garbelotti de; Luiz, Caroline; Neto, Argus Cezar da Rocha; Piero, Robson Marcelo Di

doi:10.1590/s1982-56762014000600003

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Lower concentrations of ST instead seem to promote Pst growth. This behavior is coherent with the ones showed in previous works, where chitosan, although in different forms, was able to explicate an antibacterial effect on several plant pathogenic bacteria [ 25 , 32 , 33 ]. Chitosan modes of action against bacteria still remain unclear, even if modern studies have suggested that they could be related to the cationic nature of NH 3 groups present in chitosan molecules, which easily interact with negatively charged bacterial cell membrane.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Resistance elicitor properties mainly depend on chitosan molecular weight, the degree of polymerization and acetylation and oligomers compositions [ 20 ]. Foliar application of high-density chitosan in tomato plants affected by bacterial spot revealed an increase of peroxidases, which are associated to lignin deposition and the production of toxic metabolites for pathogens [ 32 ]. Further experiments are unfolding in order to study expression of genes related to resistance mechanisms in tomatoes when both seeds and adult plants are treated with chitosan, especially in alternative nanometric forms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the application of chitosan is being pursued due to its economic convenience, since it can be obtained from agroindustrial wastes, like seafood shells, which currently represent, unlike the aforementioned substances, a very affordable starting point in defining innovative crop protection compounds [27,28]. Several scientific publications highlight the promising use of chitosan in tomato fungal (Fusarium wilt) and bacterial (bacterial spot and wilt) diseases management, showing good effects on vegetative parameters of plants [29][30][31][32]. Mansilla et al (2013) demonstrated antimicrobial properties of chitosan on Pst, suggesting that inhibition could depend on several chemical parameters (pH, presence of metal ions, concentration), while the mode of action could be related to cell membrane interaction [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Green Nanostructured Pesticide to Control Tomato Bacterial Speck Disease

et al. 2021

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Bacterial speck disease, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), is one of the most pervasive biological adversities in tomato cultivation, in both industrial and in table varieties. In this work synthesis, biochemical and antibacterial properties of a novel organic nanostructured pesticide composed of chitosan hydrochloride (CH) as active ingredient, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as nanocarriers and starch as excipient were evaluated. In order to study the possibility of delivering CH, the effects of two different types of starches, extracted from a high amylose bread wheat (high amylose starch—HA Starch) and from a control genotype (standard starch—St Starch), were investigated. Nanostructured microparticles (NMP) were obtained through the spray-drying technique, revealing a CH loading capacity proximal to 50%, with a CH release of 30% for CH-CNC-St Starch NMP and 50% for CH-CNC-HA Starch NMP after 24 h. Both NMP were able to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro when used at 1% w/v. Moreover, no negative effects on vegetative growth were recorded when NMP were foliar applied on tomato plants. Proposed nanostructured pesticides showed the capability of diminishing Pst epiphytical survival during time, decreasing disease incidence and severity (from 45% to 49%), with results comparable to one of the most used cupric salt (hydroxide), pointing out the potential use of CH-CNC-Starch NMP as a sustainable and innovative ally in Pst control strategies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Green Nanostructured Pesticide to Control Tomato Bacterial Speck Disease

et al. 2021

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“…Like in fruits, chitosan also positively affects the agronomic traits of vegetables. Tomato plants were subjected to chitosan treatment, resulting in high phenolic compound and PPO activities, production of phytoalexins, and improvement in fruit weight and overall yield [ 71 , 112 , 113 ]. Tsugita et al suggested that application of chitosan in daikon radish triggered the growth of roots and shoots [ 114 ].…”

Section: Chitosan Effects On Fruits and Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifunctional Role of Chitosan in Horticultural Crops; A Review

et al. 2018

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Chitosan is a naturally occurring compound and is commercially produced from seafood shells. It has been utilized in the induction of the defense system in both pre and post-harvest fruits and vegetables against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other abiotic stresses. In addition to that, chitosan effectively improves the physiological properties of plants and also enhances the shelf life of post-harvest produces. Moreover, chitosan treatment regulates several genes in plants, particularly the activation of plant defense signaling pathways. That includes the elicitation of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related (PR) protein. Besides that, chitosan has been employed in soil as a plant nutrient and has shown great efficacy in combination with other industrial fertilizers without affecting the soil’s beneficial microbes. Furthermore, it is helpful in reducing the fertilizer losses due to its coating ability, which is important in keeping the environmental pollution under check. Based on exhibiting such excellent properties, there is a striking interest in using chitosan biopolymers in agriculture systems. Therefore, our current review has been centered upon the multiple roles of chitosan in horticultural crops that could be useful in future crop improvement programs.

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“…Because of the recent changes in the taxonomy of these bacteria involved in the tomato bacterial spot complex, there are few studies on induced resistance in tomato against X. gardneri infection either using abiotic and or biotic inducers. High density chitosan reduced up to 60% of the symptoms of tomato bacterial spot caused by X. gardneri and increased peroxidase activity by 31% in treated and inoculated plants compared to the inoculated control group (Jail et al, 2014). Rhizobacteria have also shown effectiveness in the control of tomato bacterial spot through induced systemic resistance (ISR).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic rhizobacteria and jasmonic acid induce resistance against tomato bacterial spot

et al. 2015

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Tomato bacterial spot on tomato may be caused by four species of Xanthomonas and among them X. gardneri (Xg) is the most destructive one, especially in areas irrigated using a center pivot system in Minas Gerais state and the midwest region of Brazil. Due to the ineffectiveness of chemical control and the lack of cultivars with high levels of genetic resistance, this study investigated the potential of three antagonists (Streptomyces setonii (UFV618), Bacillus cereus (UFV592) and Serratia marcescens (UFV252)), and the hormone jasmonic acid (JA) as a positive control, to reduce bacterial spot symptoms and to potentiate defense enzymes in the leaves of tomato plants infected by Xg. Tomato seeds were microbiolized with each antagonist, and the soil was drenched with these bacteria. The plants were sprayed with JA 48 h before Xg inoculation. The final average severity on the tomato plants was reduced by 29.44, 59.26 and 61.33% in the UFV592, UFV618 and JA treatments, respectively. The UFV618 antagonist was as effective as JA in reducing bacterial spot symptoms on tomatoes, which can be explained by the greater activities of defense enzymes that are commonly involved in host resistance against bacterial diseases. These results suggest that JA and the UFV618 antagonist can be used in the integrated management of bacterial spot on tomatoes.

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High-density chitosan reduces the severity of bacterial spot and activates the defense mechanisms of tomato plants

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

A Green Nanostructured Pesticide to Control Tomato Bacterial Speck Disease

A Green Nanostructured Pesticide to Control Tomato Bacterial Speck Disease

The Multifunctional Role of Chitosan in Horticultural Crops; A Review

Antagonistic rhizobacteria and jasmonic acid induce resistance against tomato bacterial spot

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