Loss of sensitivity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici to triadimenol applied as seed treatment

Reis, Erlei Melo; Basso, Diógenes Fernando; Zanatta, Mateus

doi:10.1590/s1982-56762013000100008

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, powdery mildew has a propensity towards rapidly developing resistance to the various fungicides. Potential fungicides that could be deployed in the future may not be viable if Bgh can overcome their mode of action ( Reis et al, 2013 , Tucker et al, 2015 ). The emergence of fungicide-resistant strains is a global issue necessitating the need for new antifungal strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and biosynthetic machinery of the Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei conidia cell wall

et al. 2019

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Infection of barley with the powdery mildew causal agent, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei ( Bgh ), can lead to devastating damage to barley crops. The recent emergence of fungicide resistance imposes a need to develop new antifungal strategies. The enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are ideal targets for the development of fungicides. However, in order to narrow down any target proteins involved in cell wall formation, a greater understanding of the cell wall structure and composition is required. Here, we present a detailed carbohydrate analysis of the Bgh conidial cell wall, a full annotation of Carbohydrate Active enZymes (CAZy) in the Bgh genome, and a comprehensive expression profile of the genes involved in cell wall metabolism. Glycosidic linkage analysis has revealed that the cell wall polysaccharide fraction of Bgh conidia predominantly consists of glucosyl residues (63.1%) and has a greater proportion of galactopyranosyl residues compared to other species (8.5%). Trace amounts of xylosyl residues were also detected, which is unusual in ascomycetes. Transcripts of the genes involved in cell wall metabolism show high expression of chitin deacetylases, which assist fungi in evading the host defence system by deacetylating chitin to chitosan. The data presented suggest that the cell wall components of the conidia and the corresponding obligate biotrophic CAZy gene profile play a key role in the infection process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and biosynthetic machinery of the Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei conidia cell wall

et al. 2019

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“…In Brazil, the sensitivity to triadimenol also decreased in B. graminis f. sp. tritici , with only 18.1% of the disease being controlling in wheat seeds [ 126 ].…”

Section: Current Fungicide Resistance Status In Powdery Mildew Funmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi

et al. 2020

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Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) are among the most common and important plant fungal pathogens. These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that attack nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms, including major crops, such as cereals and grapes. Although cultural and biological practices may reduce the risk of infection by powdery mildew, they do not provide sufficient protection. Therefore, in practice, chemical control, including the use of fungicides from multiple chemical groups, is the most effective tool for managing powdery mildew. Unfortunately, the risk of resistance development is high because typical spray programs include multiple applications per season. In addition, some of the most economically destructive species of powdery mildew fungi are considered to be high-risk pathogens and are able to develop resistance to several chemical classes within a few years. This situation has decreased the efficacy of the major fungicide classes, such as sterol demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, that are employed against powdery mildews. In this review, we present cases of reduction in sensitivity, development of resistance and failure of control by fungicides that have been or are being used to manage powdery mildew. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to fungicides are also outlined. Finally, a number of recommendations are provided to decrease the probability of resistance development when fungicides are employed.

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“…tritici ( Bgt ), responsible for powdery mildew (PM). This foliar disease can cause yield losses up to 34% [ 4 ] and is usually the first disease to occur during wheat cultivation [ 5 ]. Bgt is an obligate parasite that requires a living host to grow and reproduce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Inspired Rhamnolipids, Cyclic Lipopeptides and a Chito-Oligosaccharide Confer Protection against Wheat Powdery Mildew and Inhibit Conidia Germination

et al. 2022

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Plant protection is mainly based on the application of synthetic pesticides to limit yield losses resulting from diseases. However, the use of more eco-friendly strategies for sustainable plant protection has become a necessity that could contribute to controlling pathogens through a direct antimicrobial effect and/or an induction of plant resistance. Three different families of natural or bioinspired compounds originated from bacterial or fungal strains have been evaluated to protect wheat against powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt). Thus, three bio-inspired mono-rhamnolipids (smRLs), three cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs, mycosubtilin (M), fengycin (F), surfactin (S)) applied individually and in mixtures (M + F and M + F + S), as well as a chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) BioA187 were tested against Bgt, in planta and in vitro. Only the three smRLs (Rh-Eth-C12, Rh-Est-C12 and Rh-Succ-C12), the two CLP mixtures and the BioA187 led to a partial protection of wheat against Bgt. The higher inhibitor effects on the germination of Bgt spores in vitro were observed from smRLs Rh-Eth-C12 and Rh-Succ-C12, mycosubtilin and the two CLP mixtures. Taking together, these results revealed that such molecules could constitute promising tools for a more eco-friendly agriculture.

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Loss of sensitivity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici to triadimenol applied as seed treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Composition and biosynthetic machinery of the Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei conidia cell wall

Composition and biosynthetic machinery of the Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei conidia cell wall

Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi

Bio-Inspired Rhamnolipids, Cyclic Lipopeptides and a Chito-Oligosaccharide Confer Protection against Wheat Powdery Mildew and Inhibit Conidia Germination

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