Psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Attitudes towards Doping in Fitness (QAD-Fit)

Tavares, Ana Sofia; Serpa, Sidónio; Rosado, António

doi:10.1590/s1980-6574201900020013

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…QAD-Fit is a psychometric valid instrument for Portuguese gym/fitness users. Specifically, the total composite reliability (CR) was 0.85, with values of 0.74 for beliefs, 0.84 for attitudes, 0.86 for subjective norms, and 0.97 for intentions (Tavares et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Qad-fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach has been the prevailing framework in doping behavior research in sport (e.g., Lucidi et al, 2008;Goulet et al, 2010;Ntoumanis et al, 2013) and gym/fitness contexts (Wiefferink et al, 2008). For this purpose, we used the "Questionnaire of Attitudes toward Doping in Fitness" (QAD-Fit; Tavares et al, 2019b), which is anchored in the TPB. Although the concept of perceived behavioral control distinguishes this theory from the TRA, this contruct was not measured in the present questionnaire for two reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the concept of perceived behavioral control distinguishes this theory from the TRA, this contruct was not measured in the present questionnaire for two reasons. First, the factor perceived behavior control was removed from the analysis because it did not meet confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) criteria (Tavares et al, 2019b). These difficulties with the PBC factor are not unique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of the Intention to Use Performance-Enhancing Substances Among Portuguese Gym Users

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the intentions to use prohibited performance-enhancing substances (PES) and to test the Theory of Planned Behavior's usefulness in predicting self-reported PES use in both genders. A convenience sample of Portuguese gym users (n = 453) completed an anonymous web-based survey. Structural equation modeling, multigroup analysis, and t-test with the Welch correction for heterokedastic variances were used. At the structural level, results support attitudes, beliefs, and subjective norms in predicting intentions to PES use in gym users, with subjective norms being its strongest predictor. Moreover, results showed a significant association between self-reported PES use and intentions to use. The predictive model was invariant across genders; however, compared to males, females believed less in the performance-enhancing effects of PES, were less prone to the influence of significant others, and had weaker intentions to use these substances. Psychological strategies should be based on subjective norms, alongside beliefs and attitudes, toward PES use as these variables influence the intention to use PES in this particular population.

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Section: Qad-fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of the Intention to Use Performance-Enhancing Substances Among Portuguese Gym Users

et al. 2020

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“…2.2.2. Questionnaire of Attitudes towards Doping in Fitness (QAD-Fit) Attitudes, subjective norms, beliefs, and PES use intention were measured through the QAD-Fit [25]. This instrument was composed of 16 items that measure four dimensions of the TPB: attitudes (five items; e.g., "Selling PES should be punished"), subjective norms (three items; e.g., "I would take PES, if most people I know approved of it"), beliefs (three items; e.g., "Performance enhancing substances help to improve physical abilities") and intention (five items; e.g., "I would take PES to achieve my goals in the practice of physical activity").…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QAD-Fit is a psychometrically valid instrument for Portuguese gym/fitness users. The total composite reliability (CR) was 0.85, with values of 0.74 for beliefs, 0.84 for attitudes, 0.86 for subjective norms and 0.97 for intentions [25].…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Gym-Goers Performance-Enhancing Substance Use

et al. 2022

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The use of prohibited performance-enhancing substances (PES) in fitness and gym settings is a public health concern as knowledge concerning its short-term and long-term adverse health consequences is emerging. Understanding the underlying psychosocial mechanisms of PES use and the characteristics of the gym-goers who use PES could help identify those who are most vulnerable to PES use. The aim of this study was to investigate the profile (e.g., sociodemographic factors, exercise profile, gym modalities, peers, and social influence) and psychosocial determinants (e.g., attitudes, subjective norms, beliefs, and intentions) of PES users in gym and fitness contexts. In total, 453 gym-goers (mean age = 35.64 years; SD = 13.08) completed an online survey. Neural networks showed a global profile of PES users characterized by a desire to increase muscle mass, shape their body, and improve physical condition; being advised by friends, training colleagues and coaches or on the Internet; less formal education, and more positive beliefs for PES use. These results may support public health and clinical interventions to prevent abusive use of PES and improve the health and well-being of gym-goers.

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Physicians' attitude scale towards doping: A scale development study

Örsçelik¹,

Ercan

2022

Turk J Sports Med

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Objective: To develop the "Physicians' Attitude Scale towards Doping" and provide the validity and reliability of the scale in Turkish physicians. Material and Methods: This quantitative research design study followed the scale development study procedures. Initially, the 47-items pool was submitted for academicians’ expert opinion. Thirty-two items with a content validity ratio value below 0.56 were removed from the scale after expert opinion. Thus, the content validity ratio was calculated as 0.67-1.00, and the content validity index was 0.844. After the expert opinion, the pilot-scale with 15 items was applied to the physicians by reaching the sample size of at least 10 times the number of items. According to the answers given to the pilot scale, validity and reliability analyzes of the scale were made. Results: A 15-item pilot scale was applied to 292 physicians. Four items that reduce the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and an item with a value below 0.30 in the extraction column of the communalities table were excluded from the scale. Item discrimination index values of the scale were found to be appropriate (p˂0.001). All of the item load distributions were found above 0.50, and the item quality was good. The total variance rate explained by this factor is 59.3%. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the whole scale was calculated as 0.761. The fit indices of the model tested with confirmatory factor analysis were good. Conclusion: The "Physicians' Attitude Scale towards Doping" was developed, and the validity and reliability of the two factor and total 10-item scale were provided.

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Psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Attitudes towards Doping in Fitness (QAD-Fit)

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Determinants of the Intention to Use Performance-Enhancing Substances Among Portuguese Gym Users

Determinants of the Intention to Use Performance-Enhancing Substances Among Portuguese Gym Users

Characteristics of Gym-Goers Performance-Enhancing Substance Use

Physicians' attitude scale towards doping: A scale development study

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