Effects of different frequencies of physical training on electron transport chain and oxidative damage in healthy mice

Silva, Luciano Acordi da; Tromm, Camila Baumer; Doyenart, Ramiro; Thirupathi, Anand; Silveira, Paulo Cesar; Pinho, Ricardo A.

doi:10.1590/s1980-6574201800040008

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…However, it is estimated that during the training of the treated groups, IL6 at times of muscle contraction behaved as an anti-inflammatory cytokine that corroborated the increase in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the inhibition of TNF-α and restriction of the action of IL1-β, mainly due to the chronic adaptive effect after sequential acute sessions of moderate-intensity exercise ( Silva et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effectiveness of treadmill and swimming exercise in an animal model of osteoarthritis

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered an inflammatory and degenerative joint disease, characterized by loss of hyaline joint cartilage and adjacent bone remodeling with the formation of osteophytes, accompanied by various degrees of functional limitation and reduction in the quality of life of individuals. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of treatment with physical exercise on the treadmill and swimming in an animal model of osteoarthritis.Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided (n=12 per group): Sham (S); Osteoarthritis (OA); Osteoarthritis + Treadmill (OA + T); Osteoarthritis + Swimming (OA + S). The mechanical model of OA was induced by median meniscectomy. Thirty days later, the animals started the physical exercise protocols. Both protocols were performed at moderate intensity. Forty-eight hours after the end of the exercise protocols, all animals were anesthetized and euthanized for histological, molecular, and biochemical parameters analysis.Results: Physical exercise performed on a treadmill was more effective in attenuating the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL6) and positively regulating anti-inflammatories such as IL4, IL10, and TGF-β in relation to other groups.Discussion: In addition to maintaining a more balanced oxi-reductive environment within the joint, treadmill exercise provided a more satisfactory morphological outcome regarding the number of chondrocytes in the histological evaluation. As an outcome, better results were found in groups submitted to exercise, mostly treadmill exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effectiveness of treadmill and swimming exercise in an animal model of osteoarthritis

et al. 2023

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“…Skeletal muscles, as arguably the most metabolically powerful system, need to be stimulated. This can be achieved by regular endurance exercise [ 308 ], and intensities should be tailored accordingly to the individual’s oxidative phenotype. Endurance exercise emerges as a universal medicine to treat and prevent the most prevalent diseases of the modern Western world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Evaluating the Oxidative Phenotype: Can Endurance Exercise Save the Western World?

Kolodziej

O’Halloran

2021

Antioxidants

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Mitochondria are popularly called the “powerhouses” of the cell. They promote energy metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which in contrast to cytosolic glycolysis are oxygen-dependent and significantly more substrate efficient. That is, mitochondrial metabolism provides substantially more cellular energy currency (ATP) per macronutrient metabolised. Enhancement of mitochondrial density and metabolism are associated with endurance training, which allows for the attainment of high relative VO2 max values. However, the sedentary lifestyle and diet currently predominant in the Western world lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Underdeveloped mitochondrial metabolism leads to nutrient-induced reducing pressure caused by energy surplus, as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-mediated high electron flow at rest leads to “electron leak” and a chronic generation of superoxide radicals (O2−). Chronic overload of these reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cell components such as DNA, cell membranes, and proteins. Counterintuitively, transiently generated ROS during exercise contributes to adaptive reduction-oxidation (REDOX) signalling through the process of cellular hormesis or “oxidative eustress” defined by Helmut Sies. However, the unaccustomed, chronic oxidative stress is central to the leading causes of mortality in the 21st century—metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular comorbidities. The endurance exercise training that improves mitochondrial capacity and the protective antioxidant cellular system emerges as a universal intervention for mitochondrial dysfunction and resultant comorbidities. Furthermore, exercise might also be a solution to prevent ageing-related degenerative diseases, which are caused by impaired mitochondrial recycling. This review aims to break down the metabolic components of exercise and how they translate to athletic versus metabolically diseased phenotypes. We outline a reciprocal relationship between oxidative metabolism and inflammation, as well as hypoxia. We highlight the importance of oxidative stress for metabolic and antioxidant adaptation. We discuss the relevance of lactate as an indicator of critical exercise intensity, and inferring from its relationship with hypoxia, we suggest the most appropriate mode of exercise for the case of a lost oxidative identity in metabolically inflexible patients. Finally, we propose a reciprocal signalling model that establishes a healthy balance between the glycolytic/proliferative and oxidative/prolonged-ageing phenotypes. This model is malleable to adaptation with oxidative stress in exercise but is also susceptible to maladaptation associated with chronic oxidative stress in disease. Furthermore, mutations of components involved in the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolism may lead to the development of a cancerous phenotype, which progressively presents as one of the main causes of death, alongside the metabolic syndrome.

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“…Apoptosis is a programmed cell death involving several physiological and pathological events (6). Various studies have shown that exercise can increase antioxidant capacity and decrease oxidative stress (7) glutathione (GSH) and a set of functional enzymes that play a key role in cell defense against reactive free radicals and other ROSs (8). On the other hand, among the ROSs, the hydroxyl radical group causes the peroxidation of fats, among the products of which can be the concentration of cytochrome c and malondialdehyde (MDA) and is considered an indicator of oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers believe that exercise can increase antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress (12). For example, regular and prolonged exercise training with 75 to 80% of maximum oxygen consumption had a significant effect on reducing oxidative stress, increasing antioxidants, improving the function of electron transport chain proteins in rats (7). Regular exercise training increases superoxide dismutase and reduces oxidative stress (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Effects of Resistance Training with Pumpkin Seed Extract Consumption in Heart Tissue of Rats Exposed to H2O2-induced Oxidative Damage

Mohammad

Matinhomaee

Hosseini

2021

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small, unstable, highly reactive molecules that can oxidize proteins, lipids, and DNA. It has been shown that ROS levels increase with aging, leading to loss of muscle mass and heart damage as well as muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy. However, proper exercise and antioxidant consumption like pumpkin seed (PS) can have protective effects against oxidative stress. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of resistance training (RT) and PS extract consumption in the rat’s heart tissue exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were selected and divided into seven groups of six subjects, including (1) control (C); (2) treatment control (TC); (3) RT; (4) 1 g/kg PS (1PS); (5) 2 g/kg PS (2PS); (6) RT + 1PS; and (7) RT + 2PS. The groups 2 to 7 received 1 mg/kg of H2O2 peritoneally for eight weeks; groups 4, 5, 6, and 7 received ethanolic extract of PS at given doses by gavage; the groups 3, 6, and 7 performed RT (the initial weight selected was 50% of the rats’ body weight, which gradually increased by the end of the eight-week period and increased by 100% in the final week) three days per week. Forty-eight hours after the last RT and PS administration the rats were sacrificed, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) levels were measured in the heart tissue. Results: H2O2-induced oxidative damage significantly reduced ATP and GSH as well as increased MDA and PAB levels (P = 0.001); RT significantly increased GSH and decreased MDA and PAB levels (P = 0.001); 1PS and 2PS significantly increased GSH and decreased PAB levels (P = 0.001); RT + 1PS and RT + 2PS significantly increased ATP and GSH as well as decreased PAB levels (P = 0.001) also RT + 2PS had more effect on ATP increase and MDA decrease and PAB compared with RT, 1PS, 2PS, and RT + 1PS (P = 0.001). Conclusions: It seems that RT simultaneously with PS administration compared with RT and PS alone have more protective effects in the heart tissue of rats exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative damage; also, effects of PS consumption are dose-dependent.

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Effects of different frequencies of physical training on electron transport chain and oxidative damage in healthy mice

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

The effectiveness of treadmill and swimming exercise in an animal model of osteoarthritis

The effectiveness of treadmill and swimming exercise in an animal model of osteoarthritis

Re-Evaluating the Oxidative Phenotype: Can Endurance Exercise Save the Western World?

Antioxidant Effects of Resistance Training with Pumpkin Seed Extract Consumption in Heart Tissue of Rats Exposed to H2O2-induced Oxidative Damage

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