Uncertainty in aiming movements and its association to hand function

Abstract

Abstract--The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the uncertainty of target location on the planning and execution of aiming movements performed towards the ipsilateral and contralateral directions by the right and left upper limbs. In addition, the association between the performance of aiming movements and the performance of functional manual tasks was investigated. Two tasks were proposed: with prior knowledge of the movement direction (simple reaction time) or not (choice reaction time). The grip strength and manual dexterity were measured. The choice option in response (i.e. uncertainty) influenced planning of the aiming movements, but not its execution, while movements performed towards the contralateral direction were worse in execution as compared to the ipsilateral direction. Manual dexterity was significantly correlated with reaction times, while the performance during movement execution was significantly correlated with handgrip/pinch strength.Keywords: behavior, upper extremity, functional laterality, reaction time Resumo--"Incerteza de movimentos dirigidos ao alvo e sua associação com a função manual." O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da incerteza da localização do alvo no planejamento e execução de movimentos dirigidos ao alvo realizados para as direções ipsilateral e contralateral pelos membros superiores direito e esquerdo. Em adição, a associação entre o desempenho do movimento dirigido ao alvo e o desempenho em tarefas manuais funcionais foi investigada. Duas tarefas foram propostas: com o conhecimento prévio da direção do movimento (tempo de reação simples) ou não (tempo de reação de escolha). Foram avaliadas a força de preensão palmar e a destreza manual. A opção de escolha na resposta (ex. incerteza) influenciou o planejamento do movimento dirigido ao alvo, mas não a sua execução, enquanto os movimentos realizados para a direção contralateral apresentaram pior execução quando comparados à direção ipsilateral. Destreza manual foi significativamente correlacionada com tempos de reação, enquanto o desempenho durante a execução do movimento foi significativamente correlacionado com forças de preensão/pinça. Palavras-chave: comportamento, membro superior, lateralidade funcional, tempo de reação Resumen--"La incertidumbre de movimientos dirigidos a la diana y su asociación con la función manual." El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la incertidumbre ubicación de la diana en la planificación y ejecución de movimientos dirigidos a la diana realizado por direcciones ipsilateral y contralateral por los miembros superiores derecho e izquierdo. Además, se investigó la asociación entre el rendimiento de movimiento dirigido a la diana y el rendimiento de la mano para tareas funcionales. Se propusieron dos tareas: con el conocimiento previo de la dirección del movimiento (tiempo de reacción simple) o no (tiempo de reacción del elección). Se evaluó la fuerza de prensión y la destreza manual. La opción de elección en responder (Incertidumbre por ejemplo....

Aiming Movement After Stroke: Do Time-Since-Injury and Impairment Severity Influence Ipsilateral Performance?

“…We calculated the average of the trials for each variable for each individual and then the Shapiro-Wilk test and histogram analysis were applied to verify the data’s normality. Only the contralateral direction trials were analyzed since differences in the movement performance related to movement directions had already been well-established in the literature (de Paiva Silva et al, 2014, 2015, 2018; Galloway & Koshland, 2002; Ishihara et al, 2002). The contralateral direction was considered more challenging for both movement planning and execution, making it possible to discriminate groups of individuals concerning their ability to perform the aiming movement at different stages of recovery as well as motor degrees of impairment (de Paiva Silva et al, 2014, 2015, 2018; Galloway & Koshland, 2002; Ishihara et al, 2002).…”

Planning and Executing Aiming Movements in Middle Childhood

“…The beginning and end of the movement were defined as the instant when the resulting linear velocity reached 5% of the maximum value before (beginning of the acceleration phase) and after (end of the acceleration phase) the velocity peak. Motor planning and execution variables were analyzed as described in previous studies (Carvalho et al, 2020; Coqueiro et al, 2014; Giangiardi et al, 2017; Silva et al, 2015). For motor planning, we used Reaction Time (RT) and Initial Direction Error (IDE).…”