Development of glass ionomer cement modified with seashell powder as a scaffold material for bone formation

Abstract

Purpose: The present study examined the possibility of modifying the structural properties of glass ionomer cement by adding seashells to form a possible 'scaffold' material for cases of bone formation. Methods: White and black seashells were ground into a fine, homogeneous powder. To analyze their composition, the seashell samples were submitted to EDX and X-Ray diffraction. The ground seashells were mixed with the glass ionomer cement at either 1, 5 or 10% concentrations (in weight). Samples without any seashells were used as the control group. Solutions and GIC samples were analyzed for pH measurement. The structural and superficial analysis of samples was performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: There was no difference in pH values among the tested solutions with different seashell concentrations (1, 5 and 10%). In the GIC samples with the shells, the pH values were close to 7.0. The EDX and X-Ray diffraction showed calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) peaks for the shell samples. The superficial SEM analysis demonstrated that the samples containing seashells had framework formations in their structures. Conclusion: Although there is a need for biocompatibility and cellular cytotoxicity testing in vitro, as well as in vivo evaluation, seashells could be used in glass ionomer cement aiming at the development of a 'scaffold' material for bone grafting or osseointegration.

Influência de tensoativo na liberação de própolis de cimentos ionoméricos modificados em diferentes períodos de tempo.

“…Sua capacidade de reparar tecidos ósseos tem sido estudada, devido ao fato de ele ter demonstrado satisfatória biocompatibilidade com tecidos dentários (11). Seu uso está bastante difundido porque têm propriedades importantes como a liberação de flúor (12), coeficiente de expansão térmica linear similar a da dentina, da mesma forma que seu módulo de elasticidade (13), adesão em esmalte e dentina e biocompatibilidade (14).…”

“…Os objetivos do tratamento são proteger o tecido pulpar contra a penetração bacteriana e manter a saúde pulpar, além de estimular a formação de uma barreira de dentina (16,17). Notou-se então a importância de averiguar os resultados da combinação da eficácia do cimento de ionômero de vidro no selamento de cavidades e da efetividade da própolis no que tange a suas propriedades terapêuticas (15,18,19), já que a literatura aponta bons resultados em associações semelhantes entre materiais odontológicos e medicamentos (1,3,14).…”

Effect of Ions Released and pH of Two Glass Ionomer Cements in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

“…At the same time, different amount of cells (since 300 until 50,000) were seeded in order to obtain a standard curve (relation between number of cells and absorbance). Then 10% of ABr was added to all cell cultures, according to O´Brien procedure (13), and plates were again incubated for 12 hours. 100 μL from each well were placed into 96 multiwell plate and absorbance was measured.…”

“…Furthermore, pH reduction during cements setting and maturing process has been suggested too as a cause of cyto and neurotoxicity, which might be related with the presence of acrylic acid in GICs (12). Is important to mention that studies on biocompatibility need to be carried out during evaluation of dental materials, since this is a major requirement, especially when they have been considered for implantation (12)(13)(14) and adapted for use in the implant abutment cement-retained crown (CRC) technique for the intimate contact with gingiva (15). Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological response of human gingival fibroblasts incubated with two conventional glass ionomer cements by Alamar Blue® reagent using two different tests; direct and extract contacts.…”

Evaluation of the effect of micro-hydroxyapatite incorporation on the diametral tensile strength of glass ionomer cements

“…Glass ionomer cements (GICs) have many applications in dentistry because of their unique properties. [12] GICs have an anticariogenic property, the ability to release fluoride, chemical adhesion to the tooth structure, minimal microleakage at tooth–restoration interface, low shrinkage coefficient, low cellular toxicity, and similar coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity to the tooth structure. [345] However, one of the most significant shortcomings of GICs is their poor physical properties such as low flexural strength and low fracture resistance which prevent their use in high stress-bearing areas.…”