Executive function and processing speed in Brazilian HIV-infected children and adolescents

Haase, Vítor Geraldi; Nicolau, Nelsa Carol; Viana, Virgínia Nunes; Barreto, Gustavo de Val; Pinto, Jorge

doi:10.1590/s1980-57642014dn81000006

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, Seider et al [ 51 ] showed that older adults with HIV exhibited significant memory decline over the course of 1 year, but no decline was seen in younger adults with HIV or in HIV-negative controls regardless of age. Although problems with learning and memory are more typically reported in those with HIV [ 1 , 32 ], previous studies have also found deficits in processing speed [ 64 - 66 ]. If we interpret subjects in the BottomCATs group as those with accelerated aging, then the results are consistent with the aging and central auditory processing literature [ 57 , 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Auditory Tests to Track Cognitive Function in People With HIV: Longitudinal Cohort Study

Niemczak¹,

Fellows²,

Lichtenstein³

et al. 2021

JMIR Form Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The development of neurocognitive deficits in people infected with HIV is a significant public health problem. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that performance on central auditory tests (CATs) correlates with cognitive test results in those with HIV, but no longitudinal data exist for confirmation. We have been performing longitudinal assessments of central auditory and cognitive function on a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to understand how the central auditory system could be used to study and track the progress of central nervous system dysfunction. Objective The goal of the project was to determine if CATs can track the trajectory of cognitive function over time in people diagnosed with HIV. Methods Tests of peripheral and central auditory function as well as cognitive performance were performed on 382 individuals over the course of 3.5 years. Visits were scheduled every 6 months. CATs included tests of auditory temporal processing (gap detection) and speech perception in noise (Hearing in Noise Test and Triple Digit Test). Cognitive tests included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), and subtests from the Cogstate battery. HIV-positive subjects were divided into groups based on their CAT results at their final visit (bottom 20%, top 20%, middle 60%). Primary analyses focused on the comparison between HIV-positive individuals that performed worse on CATs (bottom 20%) and the overall HIV-positive group (middle 60%). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models with time as the main fixed effect. Results The group with the worst (bottom 20%) CAT performance showed a difference in trajectory for the MoCA (P=.003), TOVA (P<.048), and Cogstate (P<.046) over the course of the study period compared to the overall HIV-positive group. A battery of three CATs showed a significant difference in cognitive trajectory over a relatively short study period of 3.5 years independent of age (bottom 20% vs HIV-positive group). Conclusions The results of this study support the ability for CATs to track cognitive function over time, suggesting that central auditory processing can provide a window into central nervous system performance. CATs can be simple to perform, and are relatively insensitive to education and socioeconomic status because they only require repeating sentences, numbers, or detecting gaps in noise. These tests could potentially provide a time-efficient, low-cost method to screen for and monitor cognitive decline in patients with HIV, making them a useful surveillance tool for this major public health problem.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Auditory Tests to Track Cognitive Function in People With HIV: Longitudinal Cohort Study

Niemczak¹,

Fellows²,

Lichtenstein³

et al. 2021

JMIR Form Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Stroop paradigm has been employed to assess attentional selectivity in different pathologies (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, traumatic head injury, and HIV; Assef et al, 2007; de Lima et al, 2011; Haase, Nicolau, Viana, & Pinto, 2014; Narvaez et al, 2014). Normative studies have also presented data from restricted age spans (Cabaco, Colás, Hage, Abramides, & Loureiro, 2002; Charchat-Fichman & Oliveira, 2009; Duncan, 2006).…”

Section: Normative Studies With Brazilian Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data and evidence of validity for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Stroop Test with Brazilian children.

Oliveira¹,

Mograbi²,

Gabrig³

et al. 2016

Psychology & Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work presents normative data for Brazilian children on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Stroop test (ST). The effects of age were evaluated. The patterns of results were compared with the literature, and validity was assessed using cluster analysis. The participants included 390 healthy subjects, 7–14 years old. Mixed-model analyses of variance were performed, with age as the between-subjects factor and test phase, trial, and stimulus type as the within-subjects factors. A cluster analysis explored the classification of the cognitive variables. Older children performed better than younger children, with differences in learning scores on the VFT and RALVT between children who were 7–8 and 11–12 years old and differences in Stroop times between children who were 9–10 and 11–12 years old. Letter fluency was easier than semantic fluency, with no interaction between type of fluency and age. Stroop times and errors increased as interference increased and decreased as age increased. Age differences in total learning, proactive interference, and forgetting were observed for the RAVLT. The cluster analysis revealed 2 groups: ST variables (attention) and RAVLT and VFT variables (memory). Some differences in terms of absolute scores were found compared with other Brazilian studies, but the results showed internal consistency and a pattern of results similar to the published data. The dissociation between the memory and attention cognitive domains and the pattern of subgroups in the cluster analysis were consistent with the cognitive neuropsychology literature, providing further evidence of the validity of the paradigms.

show abstract

“…Here plasma CRP, IL-6, sCD40L and sAPP were particularly strongly associated with decline in the domains of speed-of-information processing and executive function as compared to other domains. These domains are selectively affected by HIV brain disease ( Kanmogne et al., 2018 ; Naveed et al., 2021 ; Haase et al., 2014 ) and in the modern treatment era are strongly associated with markers of vascular disease ( Montoya et al., 2017 ; Becker et al., 2009 ) and inflammation ( Rubin et al., 2020 ; Monnig et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral inflammation and depressed mood independently predict neurocognitive worsening over 12 years

Tang

Collier

Morgello

et al. 2022

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Executive function and processing speed in Brazilian HIV-infected children and adolescents

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Central Auditory Tests to Track Cognitive Function in People With HIV: Longitudinal Cohort Study

Central Auditory Tests to Track Cognitive Function in People With HIV: Longitudinal Cohort Study

Normative data and evidence of validity for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Stroop Test with Brazilian children.

Peripheral inflammation and depressed mood independently predict neurocognitive worsening over 12 years

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About