Comparação da função muscular isocinética dos membros inferiores entre idosos caidores e não caidores

Abstract

| The aim of this study was to identify whether there are differences between the performance of muscular groups of ankle, knee and hip among elderly people who didn't have falls and individuals who reported falls in the last six months. The study included 81 elderly aged 65 or older: 56 non-faller subjects (G1) and 25 faaller subjects (G2). To obtain the level of physical activity, the questionnaire Human Activity Profile was used, and the muscle function of the lower limbs was assessed using isokinetic dynamometer. The groups did not differ regarding age (p=0.925), duration (p=0.065) and frequency (p=0.302) of the practice of physical exercise, body mass index (BMI) (p=0.995) and level of physical activity (p=0.561). The G2 showed a lower performance of peak torque of left knee flexion and extension (p=0.027 and p=0.030, respectively) and work proportional to body weight (p=0.040) of left knee flexion at 60°/s; peak torque and work proportional to body weight of bilaterally knee flexion and extension at 180°/s (p<0.05) and average power of right and left knee extension (p=0.03). Most variables of ankle and hip joints did not differ between groups. Only peak torque of left hip extension was significantly higher in the non-faller group (p=0.035). It is important to consider knee muscle function in the clinical evaluation of elderly in order to make the intervention more assertive and thus to prevent falls.Keywords | aged; muscle strength; lower extremity; accidental falls; muscle strength dynamometer.RESUMO | O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar se há diferenças entre o desempenho muscular de tornozelo, joelho e quadril em idosos com e sem relato de queda nos últimos seis meses. Foram incluídos 81 idosos com 65 anos ou mais: 56 negaram quedas (G1) e 25 relataram quedas (G2). Utilizou-se o questionário perfil de atividade humana para medir o nível de atividade física, e o dinamômetro isocinético para mensurar os parâmetros físicos da função muscular. Os grupos não diferiram entre si em relação à idade (p=0,925), duração (p=0,065) e frequência (p=0,302) da prática do exercício físico, índice de massa corpórea (p=0,995) e nível de atividade física (p=0,561). O G2 apresentou menor desempenho para as variáveis pico de torque de flexão e extensão de joelho esquerdo (p=0,027 e p=0,030, respectivamente) e trabalho por peso corporal (p=0,040) de flexão de joelho esquerdo a 60°/s; pico de torque e trabalho por peso corporal de flexão e extensão de joelho a 180°/s bilateralmente (p<0,050); e potência média de flexão de joelhos direito e esquerdo (p=0,030). A maioria das variáveis do tornozelo e quadril não apresentou diferenças entre os grupos. Apenas a variável pico de torque de extensão de quadril esquerdo foi significativamente maior no G1 (p=0,035). É importante considerar a função muscular do joelho na avaliação clíni-ca de idosos para direcionar a intervenção terapêutica e a prevenção de quedas.Descritores | idoso; força muscular; extremidade inferior; acidentes por quedas; dinamômetro de força muscular.

Identification of Clinical and Functional Falls Risk Factors Among Low Bone Density Older Women

“…39 Moreover, during situations of balance disorder, muscle synergy activation of knee muscles is of singular importance to assist in the return of balance through the use of ankle and hip strategies. 40 Although there are controversial fi ndings in the literature, 9 , 14 , 19 other studies also showed muscle weakness as a risk factor for falls, 41 the important role of extensor lower limb muscle strength in falls and recurrent falls 29 , 34 and in falls by tripping, 7 and the self-reported muscle weakness as an independent predictor for recurrent falls among elderly (OR, 11.916; 95% CI, 1.302-109.098). 11 However, most of these investigations aimed to evaluate the predictive effect of the performance of knee extensor muscles only.…”

Resistance Training Improves the Blood Pressure and Functional Performance of Individuals With T2dm

“…What is known is that the best results are achieved with training that alternates high and low muscle contraction speeds. 9,25 It is a recognized fact that resistance training is able to increase muscle strength in supervised training two months into the program. However, when supervision is suppressed, there is a tendency for strength to remain the same.…”

“…However, there are few studies on resistance training and functional capacity of patients with T2DM. 8,9 On the other hand, the benefits for patients undergoing a resistance exercise program were evidenced with one type of exercise for each muscle group, with three sets for each exercise and the same intensity. 4,5,10,11 In view of the above, the question is: is hypertrophic resistance training with an increase in the number of exercises and sets for muscle groups and increased intensity capable of producing additional benefits for elderly people with T2DM?…”

Accidental Falls Involving Elderly People: An Integrative Literature Review / Acidentes por Quedas em Pessoas Idosas: Um Estudo de Revisão

“…Some studies have been conducted to relate the fall event to gender; cognitive capacity; quality of sleep; vision; mobility or functional capacity; pace; tendency, recurrence and/or fear of falling; postural balance; osteoporosis; muscle strength; fracture of the femur; chronic pain. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The studies that analyze or characterize the prevalence, incidence and/or factors associated with falls are predominant, referring sparsely to the occurrence of falls. Only one study was registered with approach in family care provided to the elder.…”