Equilíbrio, controle postural e força muscular em idosas osteoporóticas com e sem quedas

Abstract

| Falls are one of the biggest public health problems in the elderly population, worsening when related to the presence of osteoporosis. Among the various risk factors are highlighted decreased balance, muscle strength and postural control. This study aim is to compare the balance, postural control and muscle strength in osteoporotic elderly women with and without falls reported in the last year. We evaluated 45 women between 65 and 85 years, divided into two groups, based on reports of falls in the 12 months prior to assessment: group with falls (n=21) and group without falls (n=24). Balance was assessed using the Berg balance scale; postural control by the modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB); performed by equipment Balance Master®, and muscle strength of knee flexors and extensors and ankle extensor by the dynamometer® EMG System of Brazil. We considered the level of significance α=0.05. There were significant differences in balance (p<0.01) and the speed of oscillation of the center of pressure (CP) during the test conditions mCTSIB eyes closed surface (p=0.05) and unstable eyes open (p<0.01), with higher values for the group with falls. The groups were similar to muscle strength (p>0.05). Our results indicate that osteoporotic elderly women with a history of falls in the last 12 months have poor balance and postural control in elderly osteoporotic compared to those without falls.Keywords | aged; osteoporosis; postural balance; accidental falls; muscle strength.RESUMO | Um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública na população idosa são as quedas, agravando-se quando relacionadas à presença de osteoporose. Dentre os vários fatores de risco, destacam-se a diminuição do equilíbrio, controle postural e força muscular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o equilíbrio, o controle postural e a força muscular em idosas osteoporóticas com e sem quedas referidas no último ano. Foram avaliadas 45 mulheres entre 65 e 85 anos, divididas em dois grupos com base no relato de quedas nos 12 meses anteriores à avaliação: grupo com quedas (GCQ; n=21) e grupo sem quedas (GSQ; n=24). O equilíbrio foi avaliado por meio da escala de equilíbrio de Berg; o controle postural pelo teste clínico modificado de interação sensorial no equilíbrio (mCTSIB), realizado no equipamento Balance Master®; e a força muscular dos flexores e extensores de joelho e dorsiflexores de tornozelo, com dinamômetro EMG System do Brasil®. Foi considerado nível de significância α=0,05. Houve diferença significativa no equilíbrio (p<0,01) e na velocidade de oscilação do Centro de Pressão (CP) durante o teste mCTSIB nas condições olhos fechados superfície estável (p=0,05) e olhos abertos superfície instável (p<0,01), com valores maiores para o GCQ. Os grupos foram semelhantes entre si em relação à força muscular (p>0,05). Nossos resultados indicam que idosas osteoporóticas com histórico de quedas nos úl-timos 12 meses possuem pior equilíbrio e controle postural em relação às osteoporóticas sem quedas referidas.Descritores |...

Multifactorial assessment of the risk of falls in low bone density older women

“…It should be noted that this tool stands out from the various instruments with the same purpose, as most existing tools present long application time, require sophisticated equipment, and have been investigated with small samples and through transverse or longitudinal studies with short monitoring periods. This inding suggests that muscle weakness, among the modi iable factors, can't in isolation characterize a strong risk factor for falls, especially in functionally independent older adults, as highlighted by Meneses, Burke and Marques (31), which should be further investigated considering the controversial indings in the literature (32,33). Evaluations of the use of psychotropic medication, of the tandem stand test and of the peripheral sensitivity test failed to predict falls in isolation, corroborating the indings of Tiedemann, Lord and Sherrington (13) with older adults living in the community and independent, without control for osteoporosis.…”

Equilibrium in women with osteoporosis submitted to balance training with and without an oscillating vibratory pole

“…All were classified as physically active according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (Craig et al, 2003). The volunteers also needed to have performed at least one Bone Densitometry Examination in the previous 12 months that diagnosed lumbar spine osteoporosis, that is, with a T-Score under or equal to À2,5 Standard Deviations (SD) (Meneses et al, 2012).…”

“…Worldwide, approximately 30% of women and 10% of men over 50 years of age are affected by osteoporosis. In the United States, osteoporosis affects 55% of the population in this age group (Schröder et al, 2012;Meneses et al, 2012) and in Brazil it has been estimated that 10 million people suffer from this disease (Souza et al, 2012). The main consequence of osteoporosis is the occurrence of fractures and their ensuing complications.…”

Análise da efetividade da fisioterapia através da psicomotricidade em idosos institucionalizados

“…Percebe-se, assim, uma melhora na autonomia do idoso sobre seu corpo e o espaço em que vive, melhorando sua qualidade de vida. Os resultados de um estudo realizado demonstraram que atividades psicomotoras melhoraram o equilíbrio dos idosos (18).…”