Spinal Dermal Sinus Complication in Children: Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Dermal sinus (DS) is a rare dysraphism. It can be asymptomatic, become infected, and produce severe neurological symptoms. Our objective is to present a series of pediatric cases with spinal DS complicated byinfections (DSCI), describe the findings correlated with the anatomy in a stillbirth, as well as the associated pathologies and their treatment. Method: We analyzeddifferent variables in the clinical histories of 5 children with spinal DSCI. In addition, an anatomical dissection of a stillbirth with lumbar DS was performed. Results: Two males and 3 femaleswith DSCI and a mean age of 2 years and 9 months were included: 2 lumbar (one in the midline and the other in theparamedian region), 1 in the thoracic region, 1 in the upper cervical region,and 1 in the lumbosacral region. The forms of presentation were 3 meningeal profiles (one with pain andlocalized swelling) and 3 neurological deficits (one associated with the meningeal profile and another associated with pain and a tumor). In all cases, the tract of the DS was identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Associated lesions included 1 dorsal intramedullary dermoid cyst, 1 tethered lumbar spinal cord with syringomyelia, 1 partial cervical medullary disconnection, and 2 spinal dysraphisms. Four were operated on and one died of infectious complications before surgery. In the 12-week-old male fetus with lumbar DS, a permeable tract to the subarachnoid space was verified. Conclusions: DSCIsshould bestudied with MRI to identify their tracts, infectious complications of thecentral nervous system, associated malformations, inclusion tumors, and to enabledifferential diagnosis. Once diagnosed, they should be urgently treated both surgically and with prolonged antibiotictherapy. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Study (Treatment Outcome Investigation)