Subaxial cervical spine traumatic injuries represent a problem with high medical, social, and economic impact for health systems which is increasing with changes in the increasingly urbanized lifestyle, therefore, the use of diagnostic tools in a protocolized way, correct clinical assessment, multidisciplinary management, and adequate treatment by the spine specialist doctor have a positive impact in the short and long term. Considering the challenge of always having a spine surgeon available, a narrative review of the literature in the databases Google Academic, PubMed, with MeSH terms: Cervical spine, Spinal Injuries, ligament injury, Vertebral artery injury, Subaxial cervical spine injury classification system, is performed as an aid for the first contact physicians, allowing them to optimize resources, materials and diagnostics, to positively impact on the reduction of complications due to failure to detect traumatic injuries of the subaxial cervical spine.