Facial trauma in the largest city in latin america, são paulo, 15 years after the enactment of the compulsory seat belt law

Abstract

Traffic accidents are a reality throughout Brazil. The face is one of the anatomic parts most affected by these accidents, especially when a seat belt is not used. These accidents are costly for the public health system and have a significant impact on society and the lives of families involved. The compulsory use of seat belts in Brazil, especially in São Paulo, has decreased the rate of facial trauma. This suggests that the public health policies and measures adopted by the Brazilian authorities have benefited the population 15 years after the enactment of the law of compulsory seat belts in the city of São Paulo.

Prevalence of Maxillofacial Traumas in a Hospital of the Interior of Brazil

“…However, the literature has reported a gradual change in the etiology of facial fractures, with interpersonal violence overcoming the vehicles accident as the most common cause [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Although in recent years many traffic policies have been instituted aiming a greater safety in public roads [16], many laws, such as the compulsory use of helmets and driver's licenses, are not respected in small towns that prevail in the Jequitinhonha valley. More stringent supervisions in favor of transit legislation as well as social education activities with an appeal to morbidities related to vehicles accidents can help to minimize the trauma caused by these mechanisms.…”

“…Considering that the city of Diamantina is the center pole of the Jequitinhonha Expanded Health Region, being then reference for 24 cities, it is verified that it is fulfilling well its role in the regionalization of health. The percentage of treatment for multiple facial fractures was higher than the other procedures (54.7%), even than the single mandible fractures that are mentioned by some authors as the most prevalent [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The treatment of simple facial fractures was reported by Montovani et al [6] in 72.3% of the cases in a study conducted in the interior of the state of São Paulo.…”

Epidemiological profile of 277 patients with facial fractures treated at the emergency room at the ENT Department of Hospital do Trabalhador in Curitiba/PR, in 2010

“…This is mainly due to an increase in urban violence and a drop in severity of motor vehicle accidents due to public policies aimed at greater control speeding on the roads and encouraging the use of seat belts. Moreover, the ban on drunk driving and the introduction of air bags and side protection bars have decreased the incidence of facial fractures, as well as the complexity 17 20 . However, it calls attention to the involvement of 47% of motorcycles in traffic accidents, owing to the fact that unsafe vehicle speed abuse is practiced on the streets and that these vehicles are increasingly used because they are a means of low-cost transport.…”

Avaliação eletromiográfica do músculo masseter nos pacientes portadores de fratura de face

“…Tabela 5.9 -Estudo da atividade do músculo masseter quando comparado fraturas bilaterais e unilaterais de mandíbula Gráfico 5.1 -Estudo longitudinal da média quadrática do registro da atividade elétrica ("root mean square" -RMS -V) obtida pela eletromiografia de superfície dos músculos masseter direito de cada paciente segundo a avaliação e segmentado pelo osso fraturado Gráfico 5.2 -Estudo longitudinal da média quadrática do registro da atividade elétrica ("root mean square" -RMS -V) obtida pela eletromiografia de superfície dos músculos masseter esquerdo de cada paciente segundo a avaliação e segmentado pelo osso fraturado (Figun;Garino, 1994;Hjorthet al 1997;Barros;Santos, 2008;Barros et al, 2010) Os principais ossos da face são mandíbula, maxila, nasal e zigomático. (Madeira, 2010) O tratamento para as fraturas dos ossos da face, quando possível, é o tratamento aberto, com a redução da fratura e a estabilização utilizando mini-placa e parafuso.…”

“…As fraturas na região bucomaxilofacial são frequentes na população em geral, sendo também um dos principais problemas de saúde na população mundial, pois acometem uma região de impacto estético e funcional do corpo humano A lei do cinto de segurança entrou em vigor no Brasil em abril de 1998 contribuindo com um queda acentuada na incidência dos traumas de face (Barros et al, 2010), porem com aumento da violência e o descuido dos meios de transportes no Brasil, principalmente no segmento motociclístico, favoreceram um novo aumento anual nos pacientes traumatizados na região bucomaxilofacial. O principal sítio de fratura é a mandíbula, seguida pelo complexo zigomático, ossos nasais e a maxila, sendo que o diagnóstico é realizado através do exame clínico e radiográfico.…”