Effects of macauba cake on profile of rumen protozoa of lambs

Abstract

-The present study was conducted to determine the effects of the inclusion of macauba cake, from biodiesel processing, on profile of rumen protozoa of Santa Ines lambs. Twenty-four lambs were randomized in block design supplemented with macauba cake at 0, 100, 200, and 300 g/kg of dry weight of the diet. Concentrations of small, medium, and large protozoa had quadratic relationships with inclusion of macauba cake, with maximum protozoa occurring at 100 g/kg. High genus diversity occurred in rumen fluid of lambs that did not feed macauba cake, comprising 13 protozoa genera. However, only the genera Isotricha, Charonina, Entodinium, Diplodinium, Eodinium, Diploplastron, and Polyplastron were detected in lambs fed 300 g/kg macauba cake, indicating that these protozoa were resistant to the effects of the cake. Addition of macauba cake levels greater than 100 g/kg show antiprotozoal effect in the rumen.

Morphological, Physiological and Nutritional Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Macaúba Palm Seedlings

“…Currently, two types of oils are produced; one of them is extracted from the endosperm, which represents approximately 15% of the total oil of the plant. This oil is used in various products such as animal food cakes, food items for human consumption, cosmetics, etc., (Azevedo Filho, Colombo, & Berton, 2012;Santos et al, 2017). Additional oil is extracted from the mesocarp, which has good characteristics for industrial processing and can be used for the production of biofuels (Martins, 2011;Motoike et al, 2013).…”

Macauba: a promising tropical palm for the production of vegetable oil

“…From each kilogram of fruit subjected to cold oil extraction (hydraulic) 500 g of residual biomass is generated which includes fibers, lipids and proteins that can be used for alternative feeding of animals. Costa Junior et al (2015) have used macauba presscakes for ruminant and non-ruminant feeding, and other authors fed pigs (Santos et al, 2017) sheep, (Rufino et al, 2011) for goats, and cows (Azevedo et al, 2013).…”

The Brigalow Catchment Study: VI.

“…Moreover, a comparative study over a 25-year period from 1984 to 2010 of suspended sediment data for the three catchments revealed that the total suspended solids from the cropped catchment was 6.45 times greater, and from the grazed catchment was 1.46 times greater, than the virgin brigalow (2106 kg ha −1 ) (Elledge and Thornton 2017). Numerous studies around the world have shown the impact of land use change on sediment yield (Walling 1999;Santos et al 2017;Gashaw et al 2019;Aghsaei et al 2020). Forest clearing since 1968 has led to a 1.8-fold increase in the annual sediment load of the Dnestr River at Sambur, Ukraine, in an 850 km 2 catchment area (Walling 1999).…”

“…Forest clearing since 1968 has led to a 1.8-fold increase in the annual sediment load of the Dnestr River at Sambur, Ukraine, in an 850 km 2 catchment area (Walling 1999). Sediment yield increased 10 times due to conversion of a dry tropical forest into fully developed grassland based on an experimental 2.8 ha watershed in the semi-arid Upper Jaguaribe Basin, Ceara, Brazil (Santos et al 2017). Recently, conversion of forest into irrigated agriculture in one of the subcatchments in the Anzali wetland catchment, Gilan, Iran, has led to a 169% increase in the mean annual sediment yield (Aghsaei et al 2020).…”