Genomics to benefit livestock production: improving animal health

Plastow, Graham

doi:10.1590/s1806-92902016000600010

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Carlson et al [11] have successfully produced polled clones of horned animals using gene editing with no detectable off-target effects, which shows that the technology could be used to propagate desirable polled genotypes rapidly. Gene editing also has been used to produce animals with increased resistance to disease [45], including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome [10,46] and bovine tuberculosis [47]. Other candidates for gene editing include casein variants that may have beneficial effects on human health [48], the slick locus that is involved in adaptation to hot environments thermotolerance [49], and the DGAT1 gene which has favourable effects on milk composition [50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Mendelian Traits in Breeding Programs by Gene Editing: A Simulation Study

Cole

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Mendelian Traits in Breeding Programs by Gene Editing: A Simulation Study

Cole

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The most apparent cause of such resistance is the absence of receptors on the target tissue or cell required for the pathogen to attach and infect or produce toxins that impact the health and performance of an animal. This failure of the pathogen to attach or adhere to the receptor stops the very first step of host–pathogen interaction and prevents infection or transfer of toxic compounds (Plastow 2016 ). Two examples of such genetic resistance in pigs are related to scours caused by E. coli F18 and F4 (or K88) (Augustino et al 2020 ; Bao et al 2012 ; Fu et al 2012 ; Meijerink et al 2000 ; Meijerink et al 1997 ; Ren et al 2012 ; Zhang et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results will depend on the level of disease challenge in the different farms as well as the different pathogens present. As there is genetic variation in resistance (an animal’s ability to maintain health or restrict the proliferation of pathogens and reduce within-host pathogen burden) to almost all pig pathogens, there is the potential to dissect and select for genetic resistance to infectious diseases (Davies et al 2009 ; Plastow 2016 ). Indeed, PIC used simultaneous collection of purebred and crossbred records from nucleus sires to improve disease robustness as measured by grow-finish mortality (Newman et al 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for disease resilience: opportunities to manage polymicrobial challenge and improve commercial performance in the pig industry

Bai

Plastow

2022

CABI Agric Biosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disease resilience, defined as an animal’s ability to maintain productive performance in the face of infection, provides opportunities to manage the polymicrobial challenge common in pig production. Disease resilience can deliver a number of benefits, including more sustainable production as well as improved animal health and the potential for reduced antimicrobial use. However, little progress has been made to date in the application of disease resilience in breeding programs due to a number of factors, including (1) confusion around definitions of disease resilience and its component traits disease resistance and tolerance, and (2) the difficulty in characterizing such a complex trait consisting of multiple biological functions and dynamic elements of rates of response and recovery from infection. Accordingly, this review refines the definitions of disease resistance, tolerance, and resilience based on previous studies to help improve the understanding and application of these breeding goals and traits under different scenarios. We also describe and summarize results from a “natural disease challenge model” designed to provide inputs for selection of disease resilience. The next steps for managing polymicrobial challenges faced by the pig industry will include the development of large-scale multi-omics data, new phenotyping technologies, and mathematical and statistical methods adapted to these data. Genome editing to produce pigs resistant to major diseases may complement selection for disease resilience along with continued efforts in the more traditional areas of biosecurity, vaccination and treatment. Altogether genomic approaches provide exciting opportunities for the pig industry to overcome the challenges provided by hard-to-manage diseases as well as new environmental challenges associated with climate change.

show abstract

“…Genome editing is a precise way of introducing sequence changes by cutting DNA (Plastow, 2016), using molecular scissors. These scissors include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription-activator-like endonucleases (TALEN) and the most recent highly effective RNA-programmable genome editor (CRISPR/CAS9).…”

Section: Future Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics for the advancement of livestock production: A South African perspective

Marle-Köster

Visser

2018

SA J. An. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most of the growth of human populations worldwide will be in developing countries, including South Africa. Natural resources are under immense pressure and animal scientists are faced with the challenges for increased efficiency and long-term sustainability of livestock production. Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, animal genomes have been mapped with genomics, enabling new opportunities for application in farm animal species. The use of microsatellite markers has made significant contributions to the insight in genetic characterisation of indigenous and local developed breeds in most farm species in South Africa and Africa. The single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) marker discovery and development of commercial SNP arrays made genomic selection possible and genomic enhanced breeding values (GEBVs) are used widely in the First World. In South Africa, genomic programmes for beef and dairy cattle were established in 2015 and 2016, with the focus on building training populations for genomic selection. The SA Bonsmara breed was the first to receive GEBV. The availability of hard-to-measure phenotypes is limited, and these are the traits that hold the most potential for genomic selection and answering to the challenges of methane (CH 4) emissions and higher efficiency. Genome editing, which involves zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription-activators such as endonucleases (TALEN) and RNA-programmable genome editor (CRISPR/CAS9), includes the most recent technology for application in precision genetics. Welfare and ethical concerns will be an important consideration in the acceptability of genome editing to consumers. Applications that benefit the animals are more acceptable to the public. The use of genome editing to produce polled cattle is one of the first applications with a direct welfare impact as it nullifies the need for painful dehorning. In this paper, genomic technology is reviewed with the focus on the most recent research trends and commercial application of genomics towards the genetic improvement of livestock with specific reference to South Africa.

show abstract

Genomics to benefit livestock production: improving animal health

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Management of Mendelian Traits in Breeding Programs by Gene Editing: A Simulation Study

Management of Mendelian Traits in Breeding Programs by Gene Editing: A Simulation Study

Breeding for disease resilience: opportunities to manage polymicrobial challenge and improve commercial performance in the pig industry

Genomics for the advancement of livestock production: A South African perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About