Protein and mRNA expression of estradiol receptors during estrus in yaks (Bos grunniens)

Abstract

-The objective of this study was to investigate mRNA by real-time PCR and protein expression by immunofluorescence of the estradiol receptors (ER) in the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads of yaks (Bos grunniens). The analysis showed that the level of expression of ER mRNA was greater in the pituitary gland tissue than in other glands during estrus. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that ER proteins were located in the pineal cells, synaptic ribbon, and synaptic spherules of the pineal gland. In the hypothalamus, ER proteins were located in the magnocellular and parvocellular neurons. The ER proteins were located in acidophilic cells and basophilic cells in the pituitary gland. In the ovary, ER proteins were present in the ovarian follicle, corpus luteum and Leydig cells. Estradiol exerts its main effects on the pituitary gland during estrus in yak.

Protein and mRNA expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in yaks during estrus

“…Previous studies have found that, although the delivery of melatonin directly into the central nervous system over a period of hours do not affect either the secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus or the secretion of LH by the pituitary gland in ewes during anestrus, it modifies the pulsatile secretion of LH in ewes deprived of the negative feedback provided by increased levels of estradiol (Romanowicz et al, 2001;Huo et al, 2015). We hypothesized that GnRH mediates melatonin secretion from the pinealocyte, SR, and SS in female yaks in estrus.…”

Protein and mRNA expression of follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor during the oestrus in the yak (Bos grunniens)

“…Maybe the uterus has little reactivity to LH in the proestrum. The uterus will develop to adept the situation of oestrus (Huo & Long, ; Huo et al., ; Orsi, Ekbote, Walker, & Gopichandran, ; Ulbrich et al., ). LH will take part in the development of uterus through LHR in the oestrus of yak.…”

“…Maybe the uterus has little reactivity to LH in the proestrum. The uterus will develop to adept the situation of oestrus(Huo & Long, 2014;Huo et al, 2015; Orsi, Ekbote, F I G U R E 5 Expression of (a) follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and (b) luteinizing hormone receptor protein in oocyte (O), granulocyte (G) and Leydig cells (L) of the ovary in female yaks during the breeding season (n = 6) Expression of (a) follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and (b) luteinizing hormone receptor protein in surface epithelium (SE), stromal cells (SC) and gland epithelium (GE) of uterine tissue in female yaks during the breeding season (n = 6)Gopichandran, 2007;Ulbrich et al, 2009). LH will take part in the development of uterus through LHR in the oestrus of yak.Therefore, based on our results, we can suggest a pathway forFSH and LH in the seasonal oestrus of yak.…”

Transcriptome and proteome analysis of pregnancy and postpartum anoestrus ovaries in yak

“…The ovaries of yaks during pregnancy are generally irregular, with a corpus luteum, an important endocrine gland that secretes progesterone and estrogen. These hormones regulate the estrus cycle and maintain pregnancy [ 6 7 ]. The proportion of corpus luteum ovaries decreases from 3–6 months in the second trimester, but the tissue structure is still relatively tight [ 8 ].…”