Urban-rural differences in oral and maxillofacial trauma

Abstract

The aim of this research was to assess oral and maxillofacial trauma in urban and rural populations of the same region. The data collected included age, gender, year and month of trauma occurrence, origin (rural and urban), cause of injury, and the type of oral and maxillofacial trauma. Records from 1121 patients with 790 instances of oral and maxillofacial trauma were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 software and involved descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-squared test. Male patients were more prone to maxillofacial trauma (n = 537; 68%), and the patients were mostly from urban areas (n = 534; 67.6%). The maleto-female ratio was found to be 2.12:1 (urban zone, 1.72:1; rural zone, 3.49:1). The average age was 25.7 years (SD = 14.1). A traffic accident was the most common cause of oral and maxillofacial trauma (27%). The jaw (18%) was the most commonly fractured bone in the facial skeleton, followed by the zygoma (12.9%). Avulsion (8.5%) was the most common dental trauma. A significant statistical relationship was found between place of origin and gender (p < 0.001). Accidents involving animals were more frequent in rural areas (P < 0.001). Zygomatic fractures (p < 0.001), contusion (p = 0.003), and abrasion (p = 0.051) were the most common injuries among individuals from rural areas. Nasal fracture (p = 0.011) was the most frequent type of trauma in individuals from urban areas. According to these data, it seems reasonable to assume that specific preventive public policy for urban and rural areas must respect the differences of each region.

Non-white people have a greater risk for maxillofacial trauma: findings from a 24-month retrospective study in Brazil

“…In this report, crown fracture was the most common (1.9%) followed by luxation (1.2%). As expected, most of these lesions correlate with lowimpact traumas due to interpersonal violence that are usually observed as soft tissue abrasion, hematoma, and dentoalveolar fractures 8 . It is supposed that the importance, number and severity of the perioral and intraoral lesions would change with the presence of a forensic dentist at the Institutes of Forensic Medicine and their prevalence would increase.…”

“…Traumas occurred in single thirds or more than one third ( Figure 1). For dental traumas, tooth fracture was the most prevalent (12, 33.4%) followed by luxation (8,22.2%) With respect to the intraoral soft tissue lesions, oral and gingival mucosa and tongue were the most affected sites (Table 2).…”

“…Moreover, as they usually live far from the central urban areas, they are more exposed to violent episodes 6 . There are many studies worldwide evaluating traumas in the oral and maxillofacial region 1,3,7 and some of them conducted in Brazil 4,8 . Literature has identified different causes for traumas in developed and developing countries.…”

“…Authors also observed the high prevalence of falls and sports traumas in both developed and developing countries 10 . In Brazil, the conducted studies presented some limitations: (a) evaluation of a specific population, like children 11 or rural population; 8 (b) evaluation of fractures and the required treatment only; 12 (c) analysis of the dental traumas only 13 . Although there are some minor studies on maxillofacial trauma in some parts of Brazil, this is the first report analyzing data of oral and maxillofacial traumas in the last decade.…”

Injury characteristics in women in relation to their menopausal status

“…The frequencies of particular causes of injuries reported in the literature vary widely. In the general population of women and men, traffic accidents are responsible for from 7.5% to about 70% of all injuries [12][13][14]. Differences in the incidence of various types of injuries with regard to gender [13][14][15][16] were also reported.…”