Specific concentration evaluation of 16% carbamide peroxide compounded at dispensing pharmacies

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the concentration of carbamide peroxide compounded at different dispensing pharmacies. Immediate concentration analysis was made of bleaching gels dispensed by specialized pharmacies, and of a commercially available gel (control group) (n = 20). The carbamide peroxide concentration was determined by titration and the results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The commercial bleaching agent (control group) and one of the gels from the pharmacies presented the best mean concentration values, close to 16%. In conclusion, the concentration of the manipulated and industrialized carbamide peroxide gels presented concentration values differing from 16%. Descriptors: Tooth bleaching; Peroxides; Pharmacies.Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração do peróxido de carbamida manipulado em diferentes farmácias de manipulação. Foram utilizados géis clareadores manipulados em farmácias especializadas e um industrializado (grupo controle) (n = 20) com análise de concentração imediata. A concentração do peróxido de carbamida foi obtida por titulometria e os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Como resultado, o agente clareador (controle) e um dos produtos manipulados em farmácia apresentaram as melhores médias de concentração, próximas a 16%. Pode-se concluir que a concentração do peróxido de carbamida manipulado e dos industrializados apresentaram valores de concentração diferentes de 16%.

In vitroevaluation of variances between real and declared concentration of hydrogen peroxide in various tooth-whitening products

“…It was evaluated in an invitro study that the concentration of 16% CP products produced commercially or dispensed by pharmacies were different from those expected in all products. However, the commercially produced bleaching product showed the best mean concentration close to the expected 16% [6]. The findings are in agreement with the results of the present study, which also found that HP concentration of bleaching products were marginally different from those expected.…”

“…HP has been used as a tooth-bleaching (tooth whitening) agent for more than 70 years, but its demand has increased dramatically in recent years [5]. Successful bleaching of teeth depends on a number of factors such as the type of bleaching agent, the type of stain [6], frequency of application and the period for which the agent remains in contact with the tooth surface [7].…”

A study of in vivo degradation of two vital home bleaching gels

“…Another study determined the concentrations of various gels used for at-home vital bleaching dispensed by dentists in CP gels of 10% to 22%, they found variations between 2.64% less than what was written on the label up to 0.91% more 3) . Furthermore, other authors have observed variations ranging from 8.14% to 20.32% in pharmacy dispensed 16% CP 28) . Meanwhile, two in office HP gels of 38% and 35% yielded concentrations of 35.8% and 31.5% respectively 29) .…”

A comparative study of the effects of two carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the structure of enamel

“…Different results might have been expected because variations in the chemical composition and conditions of storage among the products could exist. Martin et al 13 , who analyzed the concentration of 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents prepared by dispensing pharmacies and that of a commercially available product, observed that neither of the bleaching agents presented the expected concentration of 16%. Our findings showed that possible physical or chemical differences between the bleaching agents caused by errors during manufacture did not influence the enamel surface.…”

“…It is possible that different sources of such a product may result in more or less damage to the enamel and may have reduced effectiveness in tooth whitening. A study analyzing the concentration of carbamide peroxide in bleaching agents prepared by compounding pharmacies noted that the products tested did not have the expected 16% concentration of carbamide peroxide 13 . The present study was carried out to compare the effect on the enamel surface of a 16% carbamide peroxide gel that was industrially produced with that of an agent that was made in a compounding pharmacy.…”