Relation between chronic periodontal disease and plasmatic levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions

Abstract

Many people in the world are affected by hyperlipidemia, which is a known risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. On the other hand, periodontitis, a prevalent oral disease, has been connected to several systemic health changes, including an altered lipid metabolism. Transient and recurrent bacteremias, which may be caused by periodontal infection, induce an intense local and systemic inflammatory response, leading to changes in the whole body. The aim of the present study was to verify the relationship between severe and moderate periodontal disease and blood lipid levels. Sixty individuals seen at the clinics of the University of Taubaté, São Paulo, over 20 years old, were divided into two groups, with and without periodontitis, and paired according to sex and age. Their levels of total cholesterol, tryglicerides and fractions were determined. Variables related to high cholesterol levels, including age, sex and body mass index, were evaluated. The values recommended by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology were considered to classify lipidemia. The results showed that mean levels of cholesterol (192.1 mg/ dl ± 40.9) and triglycerides (153.5 mg/dl ± 105.6) in individuals with periodontitis were higher than, but not statistically different from, those of individuals without periodontitis (186.1 mg/dl ± 35.4 and 117.5 mg/dl ± 68, respectively). Therefore, this study has demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between periodontal disease, regardless of its intensity, and blood lipid levels in the studied population. DESCRIPTORS: Periodontal diseases; Hyperlipidemia; Cholesterol; Lipoproteins; Triglycerides. RESUMO:A doença periodontal crônica, bastante prevalente na população adulta, tem sido relacionada com diversas alterações sistêmicas, entre elas as dislipidemias, que são fatores de risco conhecidos para a aterosclerose. Bacteremias transitórias e recorrentes, que podem ser causadas pela infecção periodontal, levam a uma intensa resposta inflamatória local e sistêmica, promovendo modificações ao longo do corpo. A proposta do presente estudo foi verificar se a presença da doença periodontal, de moderada a severa, está relacionada com a elevação dos lipídios séricos. Participaram do estudo sessenta indivíduos, acima de vinte anos, divididos em grupo teste, com doença periodontal, e grupo controle, sem doença periodontal, pareados quanto ao gênero e à idade, provenientes da Clínica Odontológica da Universidade de Taubaté/SP, nos quais foram determinados os níveis de colesterol total, de frações e de triglicérides. Foram avaliadas também variáveis como idade, gênero e índice de massa corpórea. Para classificação da lipidemia, foram considerados os valores recomendados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. As médias dos valores do colesterol total (192,1 mg/dl ± 40,9) e dos triglicérides (153,5 mg/dl ± 105,6), no grupo teste, foram superiores às do grupo controle, 186,1 mg/dl ± 35,4 e 117,5 mg/dl ± 68, respectivamente, porém sem significância estatística. Concluiu-se, assim, que, na popu...

Lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in obese and non-obese subjects undergoing non-surgical periodontal therapy

“…Similarly, other authors found significant relations between the levels of TC, LDL, and TGR, and clinical periodontal disease (3,5). Despite this evidence, there is no consensus in the literature regarding this topic, as other studies reported no significant relation between periodontal status and lipid level alterations (7). In the case of an association between periodontitis and hyperlipidemia, periodontal therapy can effectively contribute to improving local and systemic inflammatory processes and enhancing endothelial function (8), and evidence suggests that it was able to improve hyperlipidemia metabolic control (9)(10)(11)(12) and systemic markers such as CRP (12) Hyperlipidemia is also often related to obesity, and may be one of the biological inflammatory mechanisms involved in the relation between obesity and periodontitis (13,14).…”

Triglyceride and Cholesterol Levels in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

“…Many studies have already investigated the relationship between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease (12,16,21), but studies on the association between the extent of periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia are few. The current study, as one of the few, carried out in this area, can cast light on future researches and contribute to finding the unknown cause of the relationship between these two diseases.…”

Apolipoprotein E Related Co-Morbidities and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Hyperlipidaemia, specifically higher total cholesterol and LDL levels, have been reported with periodontitis experimentally, but epidemiological findings have so far contradicted this finding [69]. As periodontal treatment is known to have a beneficial role on lipid metabolism and supports their intricate association, a plausible confounding factor in Machado et al [69] study may reflect a mixed population of individuals taking part; who regularly receive dental treatment alongside those who rarely visit the dentist.…”

“…Since LRP5 polymorphisms are also being discovered in aggressive PD, this implies that these polymorphisms are contributing to loss of gene function, and thereby predispose individuals to periodontitis [15]. A plausible mechanism is via association of PD with lower levels of HDL cholesterol, higher levels of both LDL cholesterol and plasma triglycerides [15,[67][68][69].…”