Soil physico-hydrical properties resulting from the management in Integrated Production Systems

Abstract

-Anthropic action, such as the soil use and management systems, promote changes in the soil structure. These changes might hamper the development of plants in soil management practices that involve its mobilization, and the negative effects might be increased due to intensive use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-hydrical properties of a Haplohumox in integrated production systems under different soil managements. The soil superficial (0.0-0.10 m) and subsuperficial (0.10-0.20 m) layers were evaluated in the different systems: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), no-tillage (NT) and chiseled no-tillage (CNT), taking into consideration the annual ryegrass cropped for different uses [cover crop (C), grazing (G) and silage (S)] during the winter. Soil bulk density (Db), total porosity (TP), macro (Ma) and microporosity (Mi), water retention curves (SWRC) and water retention due to pore size (r) were determined. The annual ryegrass used as C produced lower Db and Mi and higher TP and Ma in CT, MT and CNT systems. No difference was verified between G and S in any of the management systems or soil layers. The superficial layer SWRC presented similar behavior regarding CT, MT and CNT. Under NT, C resulted in higher water retention. However, G and S provided higher water retention due to the pore size in this system. Key words: Haplohumox. No-tillage. Soil physical quality. Crop-livestock integration. Agriculture sustainability.RESUMO -As ações antrópicas, como os sistemas de uso e manejo do solo, promovem alterações em sua estrutura. Estas alterações podem ser restritivas ao desenvolvimento das plantas em manejos do solo que envolva sua mobilização, tendo seus efeitos negativos potencializados pela maior intensificação de uso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físico-hídricos de um Latossolo Bruno argiloso em sistemas integrados de produção sob distintos manejos de solo. Para isso avaliou-se a camada superficial (0.0-0.10 m) e subsuperficial (0.10-0.20 m) do solo nos sistemas de cultivo convencional (CT), mínimo (MT), plantio direto (NT) e plantio direto escarificado (CNT) sob diferentes usos da cultura do azevém [planta de cobertura (C), pastejo (G) e silagem (S)]. Determinou-se a densidade (Db), porosidade total (TP), macro (Ma) e microporosidade (Mi), as curvas de retenção de água (CRA) e a retenção de água em função do raio de poro (r). O uso do azevém como C proporcionou menores Db e Mi e maiores TP e Ma nos sistemas CT, MT e CNT. Não foram verificadas diferenças entre G e S para todos os manejos, em ambas as camadas de solo. As CRA da camada superficial entre CT, MT e CNT apresentaram comportamento semelhante. No NT, C proporcionou uma maior retenção de água. Entretanto, G e S proporcionaram maior a retenção de água em função dos raios de poros no NT.Palavras-chave: Latossolo Bruno. Plantio direto. Qualidade física do solo. Integração lavoura-pecuária. Sustentabilidade agrícola.*Autor para correspondência 1 Recebido para publicação em 10/05/2014; aprovado em ...

Soil structural quality degradation by the increase in grazing intensity in integrated crop-livestock system

“…On the other hand, the increase in the BD tends to increase the Sq in both grazing intensities and all soil layers evaluated (Figure 1). These results reinforce the common report in the literature that the effects of animal trampling on soil structure have been restricted to the most superficial soil layer (Drewry et al 2008;Carvalho et al 2010;Bell et al 2011;Andreolla et al 2014;Auler et al 2014;Silva et al 2014;Veiga et al 2014). However, it is important to emphasize that Sq showed higher sensitivity in detecting structural differences in the soil in relation to BD, considering the greater depth of the first identified soil layer (Table 1) against the sampled layer for the determination of BD (0 -10 cm).…”

Effects of surface‐applied and soil‐incorporated lime on some physical attributes of a Dystrudept soil

“…Similarities in BD and TP for the PH, LPH, SH and LSH treatments in the 0‐ to 0.10‐m soil layer can be ascribed to the secondary operation to incorporate the lime (harrowing, levelling) carried out for both modes of application. This secondary operation tends to make the soil upper layers more uniform, as the primary operations of ploughing and subsoiling have shown differences in soil mobilization intensity (Auler et al ., ; Moraes et al ., ).…”

“…Due to the formation of biopores, in this study the increase in BD on the control treatment in the 0‐ to 0.10‐m soil layer and for all application methods in the 0.10‐ to 0.20‐m soil layer did not reduce Ma, as it is usually observed (Alaoui et al ., ; Auler et al ., ; Moraes et al ., ).…”

“…Although incorporation favours the lime reaction, tillage alters soil structure, affecting thermodynamic processes that might occur (Auler et al ., ; Dal Ferro et al ., ). However, research on the influence of liming on soil physical attributes is scarce, contrasting and commonly limited to aggregation mechanisms.…”

Permanence of Water Effectiveness in the Root Zone of the Caatinga Biome

“…The analysis of the association between soil and vegetation allows better management and use of natural resources (AULER et al 2014), which is important for the understanding of the hydrological links between soil and vegetation, mainly for waterscarce regions. The scarcity of data and high spatial variability of such regions (COSTA et al 2012 contribute to the poor understanding of such relationships.…”