Smoke inhalation injury during enclosed-space fires: an update

Antônio, Ana Carolina Peçanha; Castro, Priscylla Souza; Freire, Luiz Octavio

doi:10.1590/s1806-37132013000300016

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Usually chest radiograph have a very little value in diagnosis of smoke inhalation injury. 5 Computerized Tomography (CT) scan have higher sensitivity in diagnosis of pulmonary injury after smoke inhalation, specially during early hours. 6 In our patients also initial chest radiographs were normal and repeat radiographs only revealed abnormalities which were confirmed on CT scan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment for smoke inhalation injuries remains supportive. 5 Various strategies to improve oxygenation in these patients may vary from humidified oxygen to non invasive ventilation or invasive ventilation based on the clinical condition of the patient. 7 Medical adjuncts include beta agonist, aerosolised heparin with N acetylcysteine and anti inflammatory agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two cases of Acute Lung Injury following closed space smoke inhalation

Tyagi

Ramasethu

Mohanty

et al. 2015

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two cases of Acute Lung Injury following closed space smoke inhalation

Tyagi

Ramasethu

Mohanty

et al. 2015

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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“…There are evidences reporting that the smoke took no more than three minutes to engulf almost the entire nightclub [7]. Experimental simulations with the foam used in Boate Kiss 12 shows that it took only 12 s for the fire to spread in a large area of foam and that, in only 90 s, the region was fully occupied by smoke.…”

Section: Boate Kiss Tragedymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The causalities were caused mainly by asphyxia and toxic gases inhalation, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or carbon monoxide (CO), from the smoke generated by the burning foam [12,13]. In spite of the causative main factor, the investigations pointed out that several additional causes contributed to the amount of damage and human casualties [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Boate Kiss Fire and the Brazilian Safety Legislation - What we can learn

Moita

2017

Coll Dyn

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Brazil was recently the scenario of a great tragedy in the fire at Kiss nightclub, where 242 people were killed. The starting point of the fire was the use of a pyrotechnic device over an acoustic coating made of polyurethane foam. The causalities were caused mainly by asphyxia and inhalation of toxic gases in a very fast smoke expansion. However, several additional causes contributed to the amount of damage and human losses. The accident investigations emphasized the necessity to discuss details in the applicable Brazilian legislation. In this work, the tragedy of Kiss nightclub is presented and the some of their main aspects discussed. The Brazilian standard (ABNT NBR 9077) to determine the dimension of the emergency exits is also presented. It was found that, in spite of the configurations of Kiss nightclub have had a fundamental role in tragedy, the current Brazilian standard was not appropriate for the design of such an environment and should not have been used. Moreover, clear and more rigorous standards also need to be further discussed, particularly for non-adaptive situations. At the end, some considerations are made in order to improve the general fire prevention standards about dimensioning of emergency exits.

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“…On exposure to high concentration of white smoke, especially in a confined space, white smoke is inhaled into the lung through the respiratory tract, which triggers inhalation injury [2], including acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis, even leading to death [3][4][5]. However, no clinical treatment protocol has been established for the treatment of white smoke inhalation (WSI)-induced ARDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by White Smoke Inhalation: a Potential Animal Model For Evaluating Pathological Changes and Underlying Mechanisms

Cui

Feng

Zhu

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: White smoke inhalation (WSI) is an uncommon but potentially deadly cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, no clinical treatment protocol has been established for the treatment of WSI-induced ARDS. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of WSI in ARDS and the mechanisms underlying the effects of WSI to determine a novel therapeutic target. Methods: On the basis of the duration of continued inhalation of white smoke (3 min, 5 min, and 7 min), rats were divided into three groups (WSI-3 min, WSI-5 min, and WSI-7 min). The survival rate, pathological change, and computed tomography (CT) score were evaluated to determine the modeling conditions. In the established WSI-5 min models, evaluations were performed to evaluate the following: arterial blood gas levels, lung wet/dry weight ratio, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and the effect of NF-κB signaling pathway. Results: The survival rate of rats at 72 h post-WSI in the WSI-3 min, WSI-5 min, and WSI-7 min groups was 83.33%, 75%, and 25%, respectively. Results from evaluation of H&E staining, CT scan, arterial blood gas levels, and lung wet/dry weight ratio suggest that the pathological changes in the rat in the WSI-5 min and WSI-7 min groups are very similar to those in patients with ARDS induced by WSI. Additionally, the expression of INF-γ, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β were increased, and the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in the WSI-5 min group. Conclusion: The rat model of WSI-5 min can be used as a WSI-induced ALI model for further experiments. The NF-κB signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of WSI- induced ARDS.

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Smoke inhalation injury during enclosed-space fires: an update

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Two cases of Acute Lung Injury following closed space smoke inhalation

Two cases of Acute Lung Injury following closed space smoke inhalation

On the Boate Kiss Fire and the Brazilian Safety Legislation - What we can learn

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by White Smoke Inhalation: a Potential Animal Model For Evaluating Pathological Changes and Underlying Mechanisms

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