“…17 In 2001 it was estimated that the production cost of hydrated ethanol in a mill with good performance was around R$ 0.45, 18 or about US$ 0.18 per liter, considering the exchange rate at that time. In a comparative study published in 2004 19 it was evaluated that the average production cost of anhydrous ethanol in Brazil at that time was 0.145 Euro per liter, or US$ 0.18-0.19/litre.…”