Psychometric properties of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence

Meneses-Gaya, Izilda Carolina de; Zuardi, Antônio Waldo; Loureiro, Sônia Regina; Crippa, José Alexandre de Souza

doi:10.1590/s1806-37132009000100011

Cited by 152 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…(4) The FTND was initially developed to determine the nicotine replacement therapy for the treatment of withdrawal syndrome. (12) The FTND proved to be clinically useful in subgroups of smokers because greater physical dependence might lead to relapse. (25) In the present study, there were no significant differences, in terms of the number of attempts at smoking cessation, in function of the use of psychoactive substances or of depression, which is in disagreement with the findings of another group of researchers, (26) who reported that depression that is more severe, anxiety disorders and disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances were associated with higher rates of smoking and lower rates of attempts at smoking cessation in comparison with those observed among individuals who never suffered from mental diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scores for nicotine dependence allow nicotine dependence to be classified by level: very low (0-2 points); low (3-4 points); moderate (5 points); high (6-7 points); and very high (8-10 points). (12) A score higher than 6 indicates that the patient is likely to experience significant discomfort (withdrawal syndrome) upon quitting smoking. (4) The FTND cut-off point for nicotine dependence was 5.…”

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Características clínicas e qualidade de vida de fumantes em um centro de referência de abordagem e tratamento do tabagismo

2010

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Objective: To compare smokers and never smokers in terms of the following: quality of life; BMI; hospitalizations; functionality; family history of mental disorder; tobacco-related diseases; depression; and psychoactive substance use. Methods: We evaluated 167 smokers enrolled in a smoking cessation program at the Londrina State University Referral Center for Understanding and Treating Smoking, together with 272 never-smoking blood donors. We employed the following instruments, all validated for use in Brazil: a structured questionnaire for the collection of sociodemographic data; the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, brief version (WHOQoL-BREF); and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. We also applied diagnostic criteria for the investigation of depressive disorders. Results: The mean age of the smokers and never smokers was, respectively, 45 and 44 years. Females predominated in both groups. Smokers more often presented with impaired work/domestic functionality, hospitalizations, depressive disorders, smoking in the household, sedative use and a family history of mental disorders, as well as scoring lower in all domains of the WHOQoL-BREF. The mean age at smoking onset was lower for smokers with depression or using psychoactive substances than for smokers without such comorbidities. Diabetes, arterial hypertension, heart disease, respiratory disease and peptic ulcer were more common in smokers than in never smokers. The mean BMI was lower in the smokers than in the never smokers. Conclusions: This study suggests that, for smoking cessation programs, subgroups of smokers with specific characteristics (early age at smoking onset, tobacco-related diseases, depressive disorders and use of psychoactive substances) should be identified. ResumoObjetivo: Comparar, entre fumantes e nunca fumantes, os seguintes aspectos: qualidade de vida, IMC, hospitalizações, incapacidades, história familiar de transtorno mental, doenças relacionadas ao uso de tabaco, depressão e uso de substâncias psicoativas. Métodos: Um total de 167 fumantes inscritos em um programa de cessação do tabagismo no Centro de Referência de Abordagem e Tratamento do Tabagismo da Universidade Estadual de Londrina e 272 nunca fumantes doadores de sangue foram incluídos no estudo. Foram utilizados um questionário estruturado para a coleta de dados sociodemográficos, Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, brief version (WHOQoL-BREF) e Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, todos validados para uso no Brasil, assim como critérios diagnósticos para a pesquisa de transtornos depressivos. Resultados: A média de idade para fumantes e nunca fumantes foi, respectivamente, de 45 e 44 anos. As mulheres predominaram nos dois grupos. Fumantes mais frequentemente apresentaram incapacidades laborais e domésticas, presença de fumantes em casa, hospitalizações, transtorno depressivo, uso de sedativos,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Características clínicas e qualidade de vida de fumantes em um centro de referência de abordagem e tratamento do tabagismo

2010

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“…The patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate, by giving written informed consent, completed the instruments individually, together with the researcher, in a separate room. (16,17) : a questionnaire that classifies the level of nicotine dependence as low (scores from 0 to 4), medium (scores of 5), or high (scores from 6 to 10)-The questions in this instrument address the following: time to the first cigarette after waking; difficulty in abstaining from smoking in places where smoking is prohibited; the first cigarette of the day being the one that brings the most satisfaction; number of cigarettes smoked per day; increased smoking in the morning; and smoking even when the individual is very ill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatores motivacionais que contribuem para a busca de tratamento ambulatorial para a cessação do tabagismo em um hospital geral universitário

Russo

Azevedo

2010

J. bras. pneumol.

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Objective: To describe the reasons smokers give for seeking smoking cessation treatment, correlating those reasons with sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, stage of readiness to change, and severity of nicotine dependence. Methods: Between February of 2008 and February of 2009, we evaluated 53 smokers who were naive to smoking cessation treatment and sought such treatment at the psychoactive substance abuse outpatient clinic of a university general hospital. The instruments used in the study were as follows: a form for the collection of sociodemographic and clinical data; the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment scale; and a questionnaire on the smoking habit. Results: The sample comprised 34 women and 19 men, with a mean age of 48.1 years. Most of the participants had less than 8 years of schooling, had tobacco-related diseases, started smoking during adolescence, had smoked for more than 20 years, and had high nicotine dependence. The decision to quit smoking was mainly influenced by advice from family members, and the decision to seek specialized smoking cessation treatment was influenced by physicians. Most of the men were in the contemplation stage of change, whereas the women tended to have a more balanced distribution of the stages (p = 0.007). The women had attempted to quit smoking more often than had the men (p = 0.017) and also had a higher level of nicotine dependence (p = 0.053). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the role of health professionals in the approach to smoking cessation and suggest the importance of interventions that are more targeted, in view of the differences between men and women. ResumoObjetivo: Descrever os fatores motivacionais apontados pelos tabagistas para a busca de tratamento para cessação do tabagismo e relacioná-los com dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, estágio de prontidão para mudança e gravidade da dependência da nicotina. Métodos: Foram avaliados 53 tabagistas entre fevereiro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2009, que compareceram pela primeira vez a um ambulatório de substâncias psicoativas de um hospital geral universitário em busca de tratamento para parar de fumar. Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma ficha para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos; Teste de Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina; escala University of Rhode Island Change Assessment e um questionário com perguntas relacionadas ao hábito tabágico. Resultados: Foram avaliados 34 mulheres e 19 homens, com idade média de 48,1 anos. A maioria apresentava nível de escolaridade fundamental, era portador de doenças tabaco-relacionadas, começara a fumar na adolescência, tinha mais de 20 anos de tabagismo e dependência elevada. A decisão de parar de fumar foi principalmente influenciada por incentivo familiar, assim como a procura e encaminhamento para o tratamento foi influenciado por médicos. A maioria dos homens estava no estágio de contemplação, enquanto as mulheres tenderam a ter uma distribuição mais equitativa n...

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“…These findings are consistent with those of various studies in which volunteers were found to have a low level of nicotine dependence (median, 5) and high (> 20 ppm) eCO levels, a finding indicating a weak correlation between those variables and underscoring the difficulty in quantifying nicotine dependence. (23)(24)(25) We believe that the anxiety generated by the imminent entry into the smoking cessation program led the volunteers to smoke more than usual in the hours preceding the interview, and this raised the levels of eCO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradução, adaptação cultural e reprodutibilidade da Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale para o português do Brasil

et al. 2012

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Objective: To cross-culturally adapt the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) for use in Brazil and evaluate the reproducibility of the new (Brazilian Portuguese-language) version. Methods: The original English version of the WSWS was translated into Brazilian Portuguese. For cross-cultural adaptation, the Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the WSWS was administered to eight volunteers, all of whom were smokers. After adjustments had been made, the WSWS version was back-translated into English. The Brazilian Portugueselanguage version was thereby found to be accurate. The final Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the WSWS was applied to 75 smokers at three distinct times. For the assessment of interobserver reproducibility, it was applied twice within a 30-min interval by two different interviewers. For the assessment of intraobserver reproducibility, it was applied again 15 days later by one of the interviewers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used in order to test the concordance of the answers. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 75 volunteers, 43 (57.3%) were female. The overall mean age was 46.3 years. Interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility was determined for each of the WSWS seven domains, the ICCs for which ranged from 0.87 to 0.94 and from 0.76 to 0.92, respectively. The mean time to completion of the WSWS was 6 min and 44 s, and the response time per question ranged from 4.2 to 12.6 s. Conclusions: The Brazilian Portugueselanguage version of the WSWS is reproducible, fast, and simple. It can therefore be used as a tool for assessing the severity of the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal syndrome.Keywords: Nicotine; Tobacco use disorder; Substance withdrawal syndrome; Reproducibility of results. ResumoObjetivo: Adaptar culturalmente e avaliar a reprodutibilidade da Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) para o português do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizada a tradução da versão original em língua inglesa para o português. A versão traduzida foi aplicada em 8 voluntários fumantes para a adaptação cultural. Após ajustes, a versão da WSWS foi submetida à tradução retrógrada do português para o inglês. A versão em português do Brasil foi considerada adequada. Para a avaliação da reprodutibilidade, a escala foi aplicada em 75 fumantes em dois momentos, com intervalo de 30 minutos (reprodutibilidade interobservador) e, num terceiro momento, após 15 dias (reprodutibilidade intraobservador). Utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) para testar a concordância entre as respostas. O nível de significância adotado foi p < 0,05. Resultados: Dos 75 voluntários, 43 (57,3%) eram do gênero feminino. A média geral de idade foi 46,3 anos. A reprodutibilidade interobservador e intraobservador foi determinada para cada um dos sete domínios da WSWS, com CCI variando de, respectivamente, 0,87 a 0,94 e de 0,76 a 0,92. O tempo médio de resposta da WSWS foi 6 min e 44 s, e o tempo de resposta para cada questão variou de 4,2 a 12,6 s. Conclusõ...

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Psychometric properties of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence

Cited by 152 publications

References 33 publications

Características clínicas e qualidade de vida de fumantes em um centro de referência de abordagem e tratamento do tabagismo

Características clínicas e qualidade de vida de fumantes em um centro de referência de abordagem e tratamento do tabagismo

Fatores motivacionais que contribuem para a busca de tratamento ambulatorial para a cessação do tabagismo em um hospital geral universitário

Tradução, adaptação cultural e reprodutibilidade da Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale para o português do Brasil

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