Distribuição, tamanho e número dos linfonodos mediastinais: definições por meio de estudo anatômico

Júnior, Aurelino Fernandes Schmidt; Rodrigues, Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim; Matheus, Roberto Storte; Kim, Jorge Du Ub; Jatene, Fábio Biscegli

doi:10.1590/s1806-37132007000200006

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The time traces in Fig. 5 show that between 250 and 500 pathogenic CD4+ T cells are required to trigger an immune response, which falls within the range of 100-10,000 T cells estimated based on existing literature [42,74]. When autoimmune myocarditis develops, the T cell response takes approximately seven days to launch, while the innate immune response develops almost instantaneously.…”

Section: Model Simulation With Default Parameter Setsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…To be biologically realistic, the model should not predict the entire heart to be destroyed within a matter of days [75]. [ 42,74] Number of damaged/dead cardiomyocytes should never exceed 10 6 .…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T cells is needed to launch an immune response. Although it is unknown how many immune cells or dead/damaged cardiomyocytes are needed to trigger an immune response, it is known that approximately 3000 DCs are required for a 50% chance of launching an immune response, and we assume that the threshold is at a similar cell count for the other cell types [42,74].…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modelling of autoimmune myocarditis and the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Vegt

Polonchuk

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Autoimmune myocarditis is a rare, but frequently fatal, side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a class of cancer therapies. Despite extensive experimental work on the causes, development and progression of this disease, much still remains unknown about the importance of the different immunological pathways involved. We present a mathematical model of autoimmune myocarditis and the effects of ICIs on its development and progression to either resolution or chronic inflammation. From this, we gain a better understanding of the role of immune cells, cytokines and other components of the immune system in driving the cardiotoxicity of ICIs. We parameterise the model using existing data from the literature, and show that qualitative model behaviour is consistent with disease characteristics seen in patients in an ICI-free context. The bifurcation structures of the model show how the presence of ICIs increases the risk of developing autoimmune myocarditis. This predictive modelling approach is a first step towards determining treatment regimens that balance the benefits of treating cancer with the risk of developing autoimmune myocarditis.

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Section: Model Simulation With Default Parameter Setsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modelling of autoimmune myocarditis and the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Vegt

Polonchuk

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Overall EBUS-TBNA showed a median sensitivity of 89%, with values ranging from 46% to 97% and a median NPV of 91% as reported on a recent systematic review [7]. The anatomical position of the intrathoracic lymph nodes is fairly constant in relation to the airways and vascular structures facilitating the design of lymph node maps [8]. Wang's nodal map complements the IASLC identifying endobronchial landmarks to facilitate sampling of mediastinal and hilar nodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Endobronchial Landmarks Guiding TBNA and EBUS-TBNA in Lung Cancer Staging

Arias

Liu

Frimpong

et al. 2016

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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Background. Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignancy related mortality in the United States. Accurate staging of NSCLC influences therapeutic decisions. Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided TBNA (EBUS-TBNA) has been accepted as a procedure for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and adequacy of TBNA and EBUS-TBNA for sampling of mediastinal adenopathy using the Wang's eleven lymph node map stations. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 99 consecutive cases diagnosed with malignancy by EBUS-TBNA and a series 74 patients evaluated for mediastinal adenopathy or a pulmonary lesion using conventional transbronchial needle aspiration. The IASLC lymph node map was correlated with Wang's map. Results. A total of 182 lymph node stations were sampled using EBUS-TBNA. 96 were positive for nodal metastasis. A total of four cases of samples taken from station 2R showed malignant cells. From the 74 cases series using cTBNA 167 nodes were sampled in 222 passes. Lymphoid or malignant tissue was obtained in 67 (91.8%) cases; 55.1% of the nodes were 1 cm or less. Conclusions. The use of the eleven stations described in Wang's map to guide TBNA of the mediastinal nodes allows sampling of radiologically considered nonpathological nodes. These data suggest that Wang's map covers the most frequent IASLC nodal stations compromised with metastasis.

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Assessment of Mediastinal Lymph Node Size in Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Bacteremia

Chopra

Modi

Chaudhry

et al. 2017

Lung

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Distribuição, tamanho e número dos linfonodos mediastinais: definições por meio de estudo anatômico

Abstract: Composing a reference map for lymph node sizes was feasible. No alterations were observed in the distribution, number, or size of lymph nodes in the age brackets studied, regardless of gender, race, weight, or height.

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Mathematical modelling of autoimmune myocarditis and the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Mathematical modelling of autoimmune myocarditis and the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Role of the Endobronchial Landmarks Guiding TBNA and EBUS-TBNA in Lung Cancer Staging

Assessment of Mediastinal Lymph Node Size in Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Bacteremia

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