Climate changes in mangrove forests and salt marshes

Abstract

This synthesis is framed within the scope of the Brazilian Benthic Coastal Habitat Monitoring Network (ReBentos WG 4: Mangroves and Salt Marshes), focusing on papers that examine biodiversity-climate interactions as well as human-induced factors including those that decrease systemic resilience. The goal is to assess difficulties related to the detection of climate and early warning signals from monitoring data. We also explored ways to circumvent some of the obstacles identified. Exposure and sensitivity of mangrove and salt marsh species and ecosystems make them extremely vulnerable to environmental impacts and potential indicators of sea level and climate-driven environmental change. However, the interpretation of shifts in mangroves and salt marsh species and systemic attributes must be scrutinized considering local and setting-level energy signature changes; including disturbance regime and local stressors, since these vary widely on a regional scale. The potential for adaptation and survival in response to climate change depends, in addition to the inherent properties of species, on contextual processes at the local, landscape, and regional levels that support resilience. Regardless of stressor type, because of the convergence of social and ecological processes, coastal zones should be targeted for anticipatory action to reduce risks and to integrate these ecosystems into adaptation strategies. Management must be grounded on proactive mitigation and collaborative action based on long-term ecosystem-based studies and well-designed monitoring programs that can 1) provide real-time early warning and 2) close the gap between simple correlations that provide weak inferences and process-based approaches that can yield increasingly reliable attribution and improved levels of anticipation.

Chapter 10. The Crab Ucides cordatus (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Brachyura) and Other Related Taxa as Environmental Sentinels for Assessment and Monitoring of Tropical Mangroves from South America

“…23 In this sense, application of models involving many areas, among them, morphology, physiology, geological processes, as well as those resulting from climatic changes of oceans water levels is highly desirable. 24…”

Marisma, Manguezal (Mangue E Apicum): Ecossistemas De Transição Terra-Mar Do Brasil

“…Esses filtram as águas, adubam as costas, e exercem proteção contra a erosão costeira ao longo de toda a Terra. São exemplos de amortecimento de ondas e furações, onde os riscos de inundações são iminentes como resposta ao aumento no nível dos mares, refletindo na subsidência da terra, onde o amortecimento é devido a sua função estabilizadora de sedimentos de cunho natural ou não (Möller, Et Al 2014;Barbier Et Al, 2013;Schaeffer-Novelli, et al, 2016). As espécies que colonizam esses ecossistemas são geralmente halófitas e possuem adaptações ao ambiente anaeróbico devido as frequentes inundações pelas marés tornando o ambiente salino.…”

“…As espécies que colonizam esses ecossistemas são geralmente halófitas e possuem adaptações ao ambiente anaeróbico devido as frequentes inundações pelas marés tornando o ambiente salino. Logo, como resposta e evolutiva a esses ambientes têm-se espécies vegetais com reprodução, dispersão e crescimento favorecendo a rápida colonização (Schaeffer-Novelli, Et Al, 2016).…”

Índice de Vulnerabilidade Diante da Variação do Nível do Mar na Amazônia: Estudo de Caso no Município de Salinópolis-Pará (Index of vulnerability faced with the variation of the sea level in the Amazon: case study in the municipality of salinópolis-Pará)

“…Mehvar et al 2019 projetam os cenários do IPCC 2013 para quantificar as perdas ambientais resultantes da elevação do nível do mar em Bangladesh. Na costa brasileira além da erosão e intrusão salina, podem ocorrer perdas ambientais, principalmente nos ecossistemas de manguezais, praias e dunas, como demonstraram Bezerra 2014, Novelli et al 2016.…”