The importance of HDL-C and CRP in cardiovascular risk evaluation in longevous elderly individuals

Abstract

The association between total mortality, lipoproteinS, and inflammatory markers, and their implications with aging and longevity are often controversial. Among the most often studied markers are low HDL cholesterol and high C-reactive protein. Particularly in octogenarians, it is expected that the impact of the inclusion of HDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein will improve the stratification of absolute cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we performed a literature review in PubMed about the relation between HDL cholesterol, inflammation and longevity. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted, we selected 30 studies, among which one systematic review on the relation between HDL cholesterol and stroke, one meta-analysis on the relation between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol with mortality, 22 longitudinal studies, and six cross-sectional studies. The results show an inverse association between HDL cholesterol and total mortality, and between cardiovascular mortality and C-reactive protein, as well as a positive association between C-reactive protein and mortality in longevous individuals. C-reactive protein and HDL cholesterol displayed promising characteristics as predictors of cardiovascular mortality in longevous elderly persons.

Changes in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome, Its Components, and Relevant Preventive Medication between 2011 and 2018 in the Northeast Hungarian Roma Population

“…Thus, the seemingly favourable changes in the 50–64 age group cannot merely be explained by environmental or lifestyle factors, but it is likely that people with low HDL-C passed away due to related diseases at a younger age. Studies have verified that elevated HDL-C levels have a correlation with longevity [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], which might mean that the favourable results in the case of the Roma only show that many of them with reduced HDL-C levels do not even live up to age of 50. The share of individuals with raised BP and raised TG levels also increased in the 20–34 and 35–49 year age groups in 2018 compared to 2011, which may also foreshadow an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death [ 33 ].…”

Oxidative stress and plasma lipoproteins in cancer patients

“…HDL-s is known for its antiatherogenic role in the body and, together with C-reactive protein, shows promising characteristics as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality. ( 24 )…”

“…O HDL-c é conhecido por seu efeito antiaterogênico no organismo e, juntamente da proteína C-reativa, apresenta características promissoras como preditor de mortalidade cardiovascular. ( 24 )…”

Treating multiple antiaging pathways improves health markers in open label clinical study

“…However, it is important to note that all of the clinical subjects had normal levels of Total Cholesterol (202 +/− 18.6 mg/dL) and high normal levels of HDL Cholesterol (61 +/− 6.8 mg/dL) at baseline. The increase in normal levels of HDL Cholesterol by SC100+ is important because people with higher levels of HDL have lower risks of ill health, frailty, and total mortality, while having higher physical performance levels and cognition [75][76][77][78]. Moreover, while ERN niacin treatment raises HDL Cholesterol significantly in subjects with chronically low HDL Cholesterol, ERN has significant adverse effects and has failed in clinical trials to decrease mortality risks [79,80].…”