Incidence of sleep disorders in patients with Alzheimer disease

Camargos, Einstein Francisco; Pandolfi, Marcela; Dias, Marco Polo; Quintas, Juliana Lima; Guimarães, Renato Maia; Nóbrega, Otávio de Tolêdo

doi:10.1590/s1679-45082011ao2145

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Sleep-wake disturbances affect up to 40% of AD patients, impacting their quality of life, and disrupting their circadian rhythms [17, 35, 43]. Actigraphy recordings in AD patients have shown a significant decrease in sleep efficiency along with decreased activity during the day and increased activity at night, as measured on actigraphy [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupillometry evaluation of melanopsin retinal ganglion cell function and sleep-wake activity in pre-symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

Amore

Sultan

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundMelanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), intrinsically photosensitive RGCs, mediate the light-based pupil response and the light entrainment of the body’s circadian rhythms through their connection to the pretectal nucleus and hypothalamus, respectively. Increased awareness of circadian rhythm dysfunction in neurological conditions including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has led to a wave of research focusing on the role of mRGCs in these diseases. Postmortem retinal analyses in AD patients demonstrated a significant loss of mRGCs, and in vivo measurements of mRGC function with chromatic pupillometry may be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and progression of AD.MethodsWe performed a prospective case-control study in 20 cognitively healthy study participants: 10 individuals with pre-symptomatic AD pathology (pre-AD), identified by the presence of abnormal levels of amyloid β42 and total Tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, and 10 age-matched controls with normal CSF amyloid β42 and Tau levels. To evaluate mRGC function, we used a standardized protocol of chromatic pupillometry on a Ganzfeld system using red (640 nm) and blue (450 nm) light stimuli and measured the pupillary light response (PLR). Non-invasive wrist actigraphy and standardized sleep questionnaires were also completed to evaluate rest-activity circadian rhythm.ResultsOur results did not demonstrate a significant difference of the PLR between pre-AD and controls but showed a variability of the PLR in the pre-AD group compared with controls on chromatic pupillometry. Wrist actigraphy showed variable sleep-wake patterns and irregular circadian rhythms in the pre-AD group compared with controls.ConclusionsThe variability seen in measurements of mRGC function and sleep-wake cycle in the pre-AD group suggests that mRGC dysfunction occurs in the pre-symptomatic AD stages, preceding cognitive decline. Future longitudinal studies following progression of these participants can help in elucidating the relationship between mRGCs and circadian rhythm dysfunction in AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupillometry evaluation of melanopsin retinal ganglion cell function and sleep-wake activity in pre-symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

Amore

Sultan

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Sleep and circadian disturbances appear frequently in the course of AD. Approximately, 40% of people with AD have sleep disorders [ 151 ]. The most common being early morning awakenings, nighttime insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and napping during day time [ 152 ].…”

Section: Comorbidities In Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sleep disturbance contributes to restlessness, confusion, and evening agitation in patients with AD and distresses their caregivers. Excessive daytime sleepiness may also lead to an increased probability of injury and hospitalization [ 151 , 152 ].…”

Section: Comorbidities In Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the mechanisms underlying selected comorbidities in Alzheimer’s disease

2021

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to mental deterioration and devastation, and eventually a fatal outcome. AD affects mostly the elderly. AD is frequently accompanied by hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus, and these are significant risk factors of AD. Other conditions triggered by the progression of AD include psychosis, sleep disorders, epilepsy, and depression. One important comorbidity is Down’s syndrome, which directly contributes to the severity and rapid progression of AD. The development of new therapeutic strategies for AD includes the repurposing of drugs currently used for the treatment of comorbidities. A better understanding of the influence of comorbidities on the pathogenesis of AD, and the medications used in its treatment, might allow better control of disease progression, and more effective pharmacotherapy. Graphic abstract

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Amyloid Burden in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Is Associated with Alterations in Circadian Rhythm

Kang

Choi

Isaacs

et al. 2021

Dement Neurocogn Disord

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Incidence of sleep disorders in patients with Alzheimer disease

Abstract: The incidence of sleep disorder in demented patients was elevated, and was particularly associated to low educational level and aggressiveness at admission.

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Pupillometry evaluation of melanopsin retinal ganglion cell function and sleep-wake activity in pre-symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

Pupillometry evaluation of melanopsin retinal ganglion cell function and sleep-wake activity in pre-symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease

A review of the mechanisms underlying selected comorbidities in Alzheimer’s disease

Amyloid Burden in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Is Associated with Alterations in Circadian Rhythm

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