SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 disease: a mini review on diagnostic methods

Oliveira, Beatriz Araujo; Oliveira, Léa Campos de; Sabino, Éster Cerdeira; Okay, Thelma Suely

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946202062044

Cited by 102 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…Then, there is the amplification step in which one or more SARS-CoV-2 targets (fragments of SARS-CoV-2 genes such as the envelope gene (E), nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP ), several ORFs, are amplified and these amplification products are identified and hybridized by fluorochrome-labeled probes, making amplification more specific, but at a higher cost. Although it is possible to quantify the number of viral copies of the target genes, in most studies RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 has been used only qualitatively, generally releasing positive or negative results, which should be understood by clinicians as viruses detected or not detected in that specific sample 40 .…”

Section: Molecular Diagnosis Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In any case, in COVID-19, IgA antibodies seem to present with higher levels than IgM, with some studies indicating a more adequate diagnostic performance of the combined analysis of IgA and IgG antibodies in relation to IgM and IgG. As for IgG antibodies, some studies have detected IgA antibodies a few days after IgM antibodies, while others, beginning 14 days after the onset of symptoms, remaining detectable for at least 6 weeks, but there is no information on long-term protection provided by these antibodies 40,41 .…”

Section: Serological Diagnosis Of Covid-19 (Anti-sars-cov-2 Antigen Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review

Yamamoto

Santos

Pinto

et al. 2020

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Section: Molecular Diagnosis Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serological Diagnosis Of Covid-19 (Anti-sars-cov-2 Antigen Omentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review

Yamamoto

Santos

Pinto

et al. 2020

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a human infectious disease caused by a new betacoronavirus SARS-Cov-2 or 2019-nCoV (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) firstly reported in China by flu-like symptoms (December 26 th , 2019) and now widespread worldwide, affecting more than 11 million people globally according to World Health Organization (July 6 th , 2020) [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immunochromatographic (IC) assay is a feasible and low-cost alternative for monitoring the spread of COVID-19 in the population in general and specially in low and middle-income countries which lack of structure. Contact-tracing, population survey including health workers, teachers and students on resuming classes are situations that may be useful to use serology since the sensitivity of RT-PCR in asymptomatic is low and ranges from 8 to 10% [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EVALUATION OF ELEVEN IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAYS FOR SARS-CoV-2 DETECTION: INVESTIGATING DENGUE CROSS-REACTION

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: COVID-19 disease (Coronavirus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is widespread worldwide, affecting more than 11 million people globally (July 6th, 2020). Diagnostic techniques have been studied in order to contain the pandemic. Immunochromatographic (IC) assays are feasible and low cost alternative for monitoring the spread of COVID-19 in the population. Methods: Here we evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of eleven different immunochromatografic tests in 98 serum samples from confirmed cases of COVID-19 through RT-PCR and 100 negative serum samples from blood donors collected in February 2019. Considering the endemic situation of Dengue in Brazil, we also evaluated the cross-reactivity with Dengue using 20 serum samples from patients with confirmed diagnosis for Dengue collected in early 2019 through four different tests. Results: Our results demonstrated agreement between immunochromatographic assays and RT-PCR, especially after 10 days since the onset of symptoms. The evaluation of IgG and IgM antibodies combined demonstrated a strong level of agreement (0.85) of IC assays and RT-PCR. It was observed cross-reactivity between Dengue and COVID-19 using four different IC assays for COVID-19 diagnosis. The specificity of IC assays to detected COVID-19 IgM antibodies using Dengue serum samples varied from 80% to 85%; the specificity of IgG detection was 100% and total antibody was 95%. Conclusions: We found high sensitivity, specificity and good agreement of IC assays, especially after 10 days onset of symptoms. However, we detected cross-reactivity between Dengue and COVID-19 mainly with IgM antibodies demonstrating the need for better studies about diagnostic techniques for these diseases.

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“…The management of symptoms may include the use of antipyretics or anti-inflammatory medicines for fever & mild pain and oxygen therapy for patients with respiratory distress and has asked to implement mechanical ventilation depending on the patient's clinical condition 7 . However, an array of drugs permitted for other conditions, as well as multiple investigational agents, are being studied for the treatment of COVID-19 in several clinical trials around the world [8][9][10][11][12] . The treatment protocols across various countries are very similar and most of them have suggested the study and use (as a part of compassionate use) of drugs like Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine phosphate, Remedesivir, and Lopinavir/Ritonavir 6,[12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: | Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Modalities in the management of COVID-19: A worldwide landscape

Uttamani

Fernandes

Pandey³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Several strains of the novel Coronavirus have been identified and countries around the world are conducting research to identify, map and compare each type. Its infection can manifest with symptoms ranging from uncomplicated non-specific illness to a more damaging syndrome that include mild to moderate pneumonia (Co-vid 19 pneumonia broadly categorised into the phenotypes: L-type and H-type); Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Sepsis and Septic shock. Although, this virus has a low mortality rate, the danger lies in its virulence and transmission dynamics. With more and more cases being reported, researchers and clinicians are promptly identifying and triaging the cases for treatment. Till date, there has been no drug identified to be efficacious cure for this infection. Using the WHO guidelines as a base, various medical institutions are continuously updating their guidelines for the identification and therapeutic management of persons infected with Co-vid 19, with a strong emphasis on IPC measures. The guidelines also highlight detailed supportive treatment including supplemental oxygen therapy, ventilation, intubation and management of specific complications. The current treatment is tailored to patient centred management for the existing co-morbidities and appreciate a progress in the prognosis. What is needed at this hour however, is a definitive drug therapy or vaccine. Different countries are rushing to find this and various trials are already underway. The aim of this article is thus to review salient features of specific therapies being used now and summarise the different clinical trials being conducted so as to stay abreast of the possible treatment modalities.

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SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 disease: a mini review on diagnostic methods

Abstract: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Cited by 102 publications

References 51 publications

SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review

SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review

EVALUATION OF ELEVEN IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAYS FOR SARS-CoV-2 DETECTION: INVESTIGATING DENGUE CROSS-REACTION

Therapeutic Modalities in the management of COVID-19: A worldwide landscape

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