Importation and early local transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020

Jesus, Jaqueline Góes de; Sacchi, Cláudio Tavares; Cândido, Darlan da Silva; Claro, Ingra Morales; Sales, Flávia Cristina Silva; Manuli, Erika R.; Silva, Daniela Bernardes Borges da; Paiva, Terezinha Maria de; Pinho, Margarete Aparecida Benega; Santos, Katia Corrêa de Oliveira; Hill, Sarah C.; Aguiar, Renato Santana; Romero, F.J. Amador; Santos, Fabiana Cristina Pereira dos; Gonçalves, Cláudia Regina; Timenetsky, María do Carmo Sampaio Tavares; Quick, Joshua; Croda, Júlio; Oliveira, Wanderson de; Rambaut, Andrew; Pybus, Oliver G.; Loman, Nicholas J.; Sabino, Éster Cerdeira; Faria, Nuno Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946202062030

Cited by 99 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is noteworthy because it has been argued that several introductions are necessary for an outbreak to establish in a new location [ 48 ]. The mean time of the most recent common ancestor of all Brazilian strains analysed in this study was estimated to be from 27 January to 22 February 2020, and range that includes the first COVID-19 confirmed case reported in 21 February 2020 [ 49 ]. These results illustrate that by combining genomic data and available epidemiological information we can generate more reliable phylogenetic inferences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing

Xavier

Giovanetti

Adelino

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The recent emergence of a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019, has had major public health and economic consequences. Although 61,888 confirmed cases were reported in Brazil by 28 April 2020, little is known about the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in this country. To better understand the recent epidemic in the second most populous state in southeast Brazil-Minas Gerais (MG)-we sequenced 40 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes from MG cases and examined epidemiological data from three Brazilian states. Both the genome analyses and the geographical distribution of reported cases indicate for multiple independent introductions into MG. Epidemiological estimates of the reproductive number (R) using different data sources and theoretical assumptions suggest the potential for sustained virus transmission despite a reduction in R from the first reported case to the end of April 2020. The estimated date of SARS-CoV-2 introduction into Brazil was consistent with epidemiological data from the first case of a returned traveller from Lombardy, Italy. These findings highlight the nature of the COVID-19 epidemic in MG and reinforce the need for real-time and continued genomic surveillance strategies to better understand and prepare for the epidemic spread of emerging viral pathogens..

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing

Xavier

Giovanetti

Adelino

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…7 Escola Politécnica, universidade de são Paulo, são Paulo, Brazil. 8 Brazilian studies Programme, Latin American Centre, university of Oxford, Oxford, uK. 9 MRC Centre for global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, uK.…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

Buss²,

et al. 2020

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OVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) that emerged in early December 2019 in Wuhan, China 1. The outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus and Coronaviridae family 2. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related genetically to bat-derived SARS-like coronaviruses 3. Human-to-human transmission occurs primarily via respiratory droplets and direct contact, similar to human influenza viruses, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus 4. The most commonly reported clinical symptoms are fever, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnoea, anosmia, ageusia, or some combination of these 1,4,5. As of 16 June 2020, more than 7.9 million cases have been confirmed worldwide, resulting in 434,796 deaths 6. Brazil declared COVID-19 a national public health emergency on 3 February 2020 7. After the development of a national emergency plan and the early establishment of molecular diagnostic facilities across Brazil's network of public health laboratories, the country reported its first confirmed COVID-19 case on 25 February 2020, in a traveller returning to São Paulo from northern Italy 8. São Paulo is the largest city in South America and no other Brazilian city receives a greater proportion of international flights 9. Currently, Brazil has one of the fastest-growing COVID-19 epidemics in the world, now accounting for 1,864,681 cases and 72,100 deaths, comprising over 55% of the total number of reported cases in Latin America and the Caribbean (as of 14 July 2020) 6. About 21% of Latin American and Caribbean populations are estimated to be at risk of severe COVID-19 illness 10. The region has been experiencing large outbreaks, with growing epidemics in Brazil,

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“…Previous studies revealed that SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Australia 9,10 , Belgium 11 , Denmark 12 , France 13 , Iceland 14 , Israel 15 , Netherlands 16 Spain 17 and the United States (US) 18–20 , resulted from multiple independent introductions, followed by community dissemination of some viral strains that resulted in the emergence of national (or local) transmission clusters. Early phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais 21 , Sao Paulo 22 and Amazonas 23 , revealed multiple independent viral importations and limited local spread during the initial stage of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Brazil. Even so, the SARS-CoV-2 genomes analyzed in those previous studies were mostly recovered from individuals returning from international travel, and thus might not have recovered the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 strains linked to community transmission in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 reveals community transmission of a major lineage during the early pandemic phase in Brazil

Resende

Delatorre

Gräf

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Importation and early local transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020

Abstract: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Cited by 99 publications

References 9 publications

The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing

The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 reveals community transmission of a major lineage during the early pandemic phase in Brazil

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