SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH Toxoplasma gondii INFECTION AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NORTHERN IRAN

Rostami, Ali; Seyyedtabaei, Seyyed Javad; Aghamolaie, Somayeh; Behniafar, Hamed; Lasjerdi, Zohreh; Abdolrasouli, Alireza; Mehravar, Saeed; Alvarado‐Esquivel, Cosme

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946201658070

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, more rural population and also agricultural and husbandry activities of people living in Mazandaran province could be another explanation for high prevalence of parasitic infection in this area. 34,35 Also our results showed most prevalent helminthes infection was Trichostrongylus spp., and it is in agreement with recent studies in north of Iran. 36,37 Globally, earlier investigations demonstrated several risk factors for the high prevalence and incidence of IPIs including poor sanitation, low family income, poor personal hygiene, untreated water supply, low level of self and parental education, eating unwashed vegetables, contact with animals and contaminated soils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Gholipoor

Khazan

Azargashb

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are confirmed as major public health problems, worldwide. Northern Iran is highly endemic area for such infections. This research aimed to study on the prevalence of IPIs among people referred to the health care centers in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 984 stool samples were collected during 2015-2016. Fresh stool samples were collected from all individuals and examined by direct slide smear, formalin-ether concentration, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Chi-square test. Results: Out of 984 participants, the overall prevalence of IPIs was 12.1% (95 CI, 11.4-12.7; 119/984). The prevalence of protozoa and helminthes infections were 7.9% (95 CI, 7.4-8.3; 109/984) and 5.3% (95 CI, 4.9%-5.5%; 69/984), respectively. The most prevalent protozoan IPs were include Giardia lamblia (3.3%), Entamoeba coli (2%), Blastocystis hominis (1.3%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (1.1%), Entamoeba hartmanni (1.1%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.6%). Also major helminthic infections were include Trichostrongylus spp. (2.6%), Hookworms (1.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.1%), Hymenolepis nana (0.6%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.6%). The results of the univariate analysis revealed that residence (rural being [P = 0.017]) and occupation (farmers [0.033]) were statistically significant risk factor for IPIs. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have found, despite persistent improvement in sanitary conditions over the recent years in northern part of Iran, IPIs are still among the main public health problems in this area. Moreover, helminths infection in our study were considerable. Thus, effective control programs are essential to reduce the incidence of IPIs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Gholipoor

Khazan

Azargashb

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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“…In this finding is consistent with some of the studies from Iran and other countries which showed consumption of undercooked meat is an important factor for parasite transmission. 8,26 Method of cooking meat in the form of Kebab (undercooked meat) is quite common in the area that the current study was performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] The appropriate geographic conditions for the development of T. gondii oocysts, the food and health habits of a community, and the exposure to toxoplasmosis-related risk factors play an important role in the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in a community. 7,8 The global seropositivity of T. gondii infection in cancer patients and control was reported 26% and 12.1%. 9 Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran was reported 39.3% in the general population, 51.01% in immunocompromised patients and 43% in pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among Cancer and Hemodialysis Patients in southwest Iran

Arefkhah

Hosseini

Karimzade

et al. 2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background: Due to their poor immune system, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and hemodialysis patients are more at risk for toxoplasmosis and its complications than the healthy people. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of toxoplasmosis in these patients and comparing it with healthy subjects in southwest Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on sera and buffy coat of 100 cancer patients, 47 hemodialysis patients, and 170 healthy subjects. IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum were measured by ELISA method. Molecular diagnosis was conducted by PCR method on buffy coat of the seropositive samples. Results: The seroprevalence of T. gondii in cancer, hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects were 13%, 27.7% and 15.9% respectively. Moreover, seropositivity for IgM antibody was 2.1% in hemodialysis, 2% in cancer patients and 0.6% in healthy individuals. Our results were showed there was no significant difference between prevalence toxoplasmosis in case and control group. In molecular survey, only one case (cancer patient) was positive for Toxoplasma DNA. Contact with cats and consumption of undercooked meat were two studied risk factors which had significant associations with T. gondii seropositivity in the hemodialysis patients (odds ratio [OR] = 14.667; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.453-148.045) and control (odds ratio [OR] = 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.093-8.639) respectively. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients was higher than Healthy Individuals; however, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in cancer patients was similar to the Healthy Individuals.

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“…In the present study, consumption of undercooked meat was identified as a risk factor related to T. gondii seropositivity in blood donors. These findings indicate that the ingestion of undercooked meat, mainly sheep and goat, containing tissue cysts might be one of the main sources of T. gondii infection in this area [ 33 , 34 ]. This notion has already been documented in other areas of Iran [ 8 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondiiin Blood Donors: A Study in Boyer-Ahmad County, Southwest Iran

Moshfe

Arefkhah

Sarkari

et al. 2018

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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Toxoplasma gondii is an important foodborne protozoan that can be transmitted through infected blood containing tachyzoite form of the parasite. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii infection and related risk factors among healthy blood donors in Boyer-Ahmad County, southwest Iran. Blood samples were taken from 285 healthy blood donors who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. Sera and buffy coat were isolated from the blood samples for serological and molecular evaluations. The sera were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies (both IgG and IgM), using a commercial ELISA kit. The buffy coat of seropositive cases was evaluated for detection of T. gondii DNA by PCR. Moreover, a structured questionnaire, containing socioepidemiological data and possible risk factors, was filled out by each participant during sample collection. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in sera of 48/285 (16.8%) participants. Only two of the subjects (0.7%) were seropositive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. T. gondii DNA was not detected in buffy coat of any of the seropositive cases. Risk factors such as contact with soil (OR, 9.7; 95% CI, 4.9–19.4) and consumption of semicooked meat (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.03) were statistically associated with seropositivity to T. gondii. The seroprevalence rate of T. gondii antibodies in the blood donors of Boyer-Ahmad County was not high in comparison with other regions in Iran. In this study, consumption of undercooked meats, job, and contact with soil were independent risk factors associated with T. gondii infection, which can be considered as potential sources of T. gondii infection.

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SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH Toxoplasma gondii INFECTION AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NORTHERN IRAN

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among Cancer and Hemodialysis Patients in southwest Iran

Toxoplasma gondiiin Blood Donors: A Study in Boyer-Ahmad County, Southwest Iran

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