Occurrence and risk factors associated with canine leptospirosis

Kikuti, Mariana; Langoni, Hélio; Nobrega, Diego; Corrêa, Ana Paula Ferreira Lopes; Ullmann, Leila Sabrina

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992012000100016

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, environmental infection with leptospires was expected to be high, especially in relation to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. However, the results were contrary to this theory, and we can conclude that opossums have a low rate of infection in the region studied, despite occurrences of leptospirosis in Botucatu (Langoni et al, 2008;Coiro et al, 2012;Fornazari et al, 2012;Kikuti et al, 2012) and the presence of large populations of synanthropic rodents (personal communication from public health authorities). Because Leptospira DNA was found in opossum urine, this species may indeed act as a renal carrier of leptospirosis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…This study was conducted in the municipality of Botucatu (22°53′09″ S 48°26′42″ W), which is located in the center the state of São Paulo, the most populated and economically developed region of Brazil. Previous studies have confirmed that Leptospira infection occurs widely in several domestic species in this region (Langoni et al, 2008;Coiro et al, 2012;Fornazari et al, 2012;Kikuti et al, 2012). Botucatu has a population of approximately 140,000 habitants, annual rainfall of 1358 mm, annual mean temperature of 20.7°C, intensive land use for eucalyptus plantations, agriculture and livestock, massive fragmentation of native forest and atypical strong winds (CEPAGRI; IBGE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents

et al. 2018

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Leptospirosis is a disease of great importance in tropical regions. Infection occurs mainly through contact with water contaminated with the urine of infected animals, especially that of rodents. Despite the diversity and abundance of wild fauna in Brazil, little is known about the role of other wild species in the epidemiology of leptospirosis. This study aimed to investigate new reservoirs of Leptospira among wildlife in Brazil, using serological and molecular diagnoses in a large-sized sample. Biological samples were collected from 309 free-ranging mammals, belonging to 16 species. The majority of the animals included were opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and coatis (Nasua nasua). Blood and urine samples were subjected to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and real-time PCR, respectively. Genetic characterization of genomospecies was performed using PCR amplicons. Statistical analysis was applied to test associations between positive diagnoses and age, sex, season and type of environment. The prevalence of infection found via MAT and PCR was 11% and 5.5%, respectively. If these tests are taken to be complementary, the overall prevalence was 16%. The most common serogroups were Djasiman and Australis, while L. santarosai was the prevalent genomospecies. Significant differences in prevalence between animal species were observed. Greater risk of infection was detected among adult opossums than among young ones. The influence of each serogroup and genomospecies was tested for the same variables, and this revealed higher risk of infection by L. santarosai among male opossums than among females. The present study highlights the exposure and carrier status of several wild species in Brazil and it indicates that coatis and other carnivores are priorities for further investigations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents

et al. 2018

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“…In Yucatan, Mexico, the serovars present are Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae (Jimenez-Coello et al, 2008). In Sao Paulo, Brazil, the seroprevalence in dogs is 20.08%, and the most prevalent serovars are Canicola (6.7%), Copenhageni (5.0%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (2.9%), Autumnalis (2.9%), Pyrogenes (2.8%), Pomona (2.0%), Hardjo (2.0%), Australis (1.8%), Bratislava (1.6%), Cynopteri (1.4%), Grippotyphosa (1.3%) and Djasiman (1.0%) (Kikuti et al, 2012). Although an animal was considered as positive to leptospirosis when the antibodies titers were equal to or greater than 100, the presence of dogs with an antibody response at titers 1:50 for different serovars might indicate the exposure to the bacteria via contact with other animals that act as reservoirs for these serovars, such as rats and mice (serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of worldwide distribution that is endemic in tropical and temperate climates, with higher prevalence in tropical countries (Levett, 2001;Adler and de la Peña, 2010;Desvars et al, 2011). Leptospirosis affects humans, domestic and wild animals (Båverud et al, 2009), and the reservoirs are wild or domestic animals such as rodents, cattle or dogs (Kikuti et al, 2012). In urban areas, rodents (mostly rats) are the main carriers of the disease (Oliveira et al, 2012), whereas the dog is considered a dead-end host (Prescott, 2008;Reis et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of canine leptospirosis in dog shelters in Veracruz, Mexico

Cruz‐Romero¹,

Romero-Salas²,

Aguirre³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of canine leptospirosis in 92 dogs from two shelters in the city of Veracruz, Mexico. The microaglutination test (MAT) was used for detecting antibodies against 12 serovars of Leptospira interrogans in dog serum. Of the 92 dogs, eight were positive, resulting in an overall frequency of leptospirosis of 8.6% (CI 95% 3.8 to 16.41). With reference to shelter, frequency was 8.3% (4/48; CI 95% 2.3 to 19.9) in shelter 1 and 9.0% (4/44; CI 95% 2.5 to 21.6) in shelter 2. The most frequent serovar of L. interrogans was Canicola. Frequency by sex of the dogs was 8.8% (4/45; CI 95% 2.4 to 21.2) for females and 8.5% (4/47; CI 95% 2.3 to 20.3) for males. In conclusion, leptospirosis is present in dogs housed in shelters in the city of Veracruz, Mexico.

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“…Personas que están expuestas laboralmente a aguas estancadas, labores agrícolas, personal veterinario, ganaderos e inspectores de carne, presentan un alto riesgo de exposición; sin embargo esto depende de las buenas prácticas de bioseguridad que se lleven a cabo durante el contacto con animales portadores o lugares donde pueda encontrarse la bacteria (Kikuti et al, 2012) Tendencias en el campo de conocimiento. Entre 1960 a 2015, de 121 artículos que fueron publicados en el tema; se tiene que 11 artículos corresponden a reportes realizados en Colombia, 8 a Argentina, 11 artículos en Centroamérica, 2 para Chile, 1 a Ecuador, 12 en Perú y 1 a Venezuela; los restantes corresponden a información general acerca de la bacteria y su epidemiología.…”

Section: Factores De Riesgo Asociados a La Enfermedad En Humanosunclassified

Diagnóstico y monitoreo de leptospirosis en Latinoamérica

Foglia¹,

Salinas

Cavalcante

et al. 2015

rev.investig.agrar.ambient.

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ResumenLa leptospirosis es una enfermedad de gran importancia en el mundo debido a su componente zoonótico, el objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una asociación entre la presencia de la enfermedad en animales domésticos, humanos y roedores silvestres en Latinoamérica. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica haciendo énfasis en reportes asociados a roedores silvestres en los últimos 50 años. Como resultado se pudo establecer que los roedores silvestres seropositivos a la bacteria, en la mayoría de los casos, resultaban negativos en cultivo y los títulos eran bajos en comparación con la seroprevalencia en los animales domésticos, por lo que se deduce que son el principal factor de riesgo. Por tanto, es necesario establecer un control estricto en las explotaciones pecuarias, así como realizar estudios minuciosos, con el fin de disminuir los brotes en humanos e impedir la diseminación de la enfermedad a la fauna silvestre y la propagación de la enfermedad en humanos.Palabras clave: Leptospira, roedores, zoonosis, diagnóstico, reservorio, Latinoamérica. AbstractLeptospirosis is a disease of great importance in the world because of its zoonotic component, the purpose of this research was to establish a relation between the presence of the disease among domestic, human and wild rodents in Latin America. A review of available bibliography was conducted with an emphasis on reports associated with wild rodents in the last 50 years. As a result it was established that wild rodents that were seropositive to the bacteria, in most cases, had negative culture results and titles were low compared to the seroprevalence in pets, it therefore follows that they are 85

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Occurrence and risk factors associated with canine leptospirosis

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents

Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents

Frequency of canine leptospirosis in dog shelters in Veracruz, Mexico

Diagnóstico y monitoreo de leptospirosis en Latinoamérica

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