Clinical and immunological aspects of envenomations by Bothrops snakes

Luna, Kpo; Silva, MB da; Pereira, Vra

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992011000200003

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…C-type lectins are among the main components exhibiting proinflammatory activity in viper snake venoms [1,[26][27][28]. The pro-inflammatory potential of B. jararacussu venom lectin was reported previously [2][3][4][5]29], which includes the induction of neutrophil polarization [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils activated by BJcuL, a C-type lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, decrease the invasion potential of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells in vitro

Carneiro-Goetten

Rodrigues

Nogoceke

et al. 2020

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Background: Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor with a mortality rate of 40% in the most aggressive cases. Tumor microenvironment components as immune cells contribute to the tumor progression; thereby, the modulation of immune cells to a pro-inflammatory and antitumoral profile could potentialize the immunotherapy, a suggested approach for high-risk patients. Preview studies showed the antitumoral potential of BJcuL, a C-type lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom. It was able to induce immunomodulatory responses, promoting the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes and the activation of neutrophils. Methods: SK-N-SH cells were incubated with conditioned media (CM) obtained during the treatment of neutrophils with BJcuL and fMLP, a bacteria-derived peptide highly effective for activating neutrophil functions. Then we evaluated the effect of the same stimulation on the co-cultivation of neutrophils and SK-N-SH cells. Tumor cells were tested for viability, migration, and invasion potential. Results: In the viability assay, only neutrophils treated with BJcuL (24 h) and cultivated with SK-N-SH were cytotoxic. Migration of tumor cells decreased when incubated directly (p < 0.001) or indirectly (p < 0.005) with untreated neutrophils. When invasion potential was evaluated, neutrophils incubated with BJcuL reduced the total number of colonies of SK-N-SH cells following co-cultivation for 24 h (p < 0.005). Treatment with CM resulted in decreased anchorage-free survival following 24 h of treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Data demonstrated that SK-N-SH cells maintain their migratory potential in the face of neutrophil modulation by BJcuL, but their invasive capacity was significantly reduced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils activated by BJcuL, a C-type lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, decrease the invasion potential of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells in vitro

Carneiro-Goetten

Rodrigues

Nogoceke

et al. 2020

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…The production of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a probably plays a role in in vivo inflammatory processes that occur after Bothrops envenomation, such as edema, coagulopathies, leukocyte mobilization, generation of reactive oxygen species, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bothrops snake venoms and their isolated toxins, an L-amino acid oxidase and a serine protease, modulate human complement system pathways

Ayres

Récio

Burin

et al. 2015

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundActivation of the complement system plays an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory reactions, and contributes to inflammatory responses triggered by envenomation provoked by Bothrops snakes. The present study aimed to assess whether Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops pirajai crude venoms and their isolated toxins, namely serine protease (BjussuSP-I) and L-amino acid oxidase (BpirLAAO-I), modulate human complement system pathways.MethodsLyophilized venom and toxin samples solubilized in phosphate buffered saline were diluted in appropriate buffers to evaluate their hemolytic activity on the alternative and classical pathways of the complement system. Venom- and toxin-treated normal human serum was added to the erythrocyte suspension, and the kinetic of hemolysis was measured spectrophotometrically at 700 nm. The kinetic 96-well microassay format was used for this purpose. We determined the t½ values (time required to lyse 50 % of target erythrocytes), which were employed to calculate the percentage of inhibition of the hemolytic activity promoted by each sample concentration. To confirm complement system activation, complement-dependent human neutrophil migration was examined using the Boyden chamber model.ResultsAt the highest concentration tested (120 μg/mL), B. jararacussu and B. pirajai crude venoms inhibited the hemolytic activity of the classical pathway (65.3 % and 72.4 %, respectively) more strongly than they suppressed the hemolytic activity of the alternative pathway (14.2 and 13.6 %, respectively). BjussuSP-I (20 μg/mL) did not affect the hemolytic activity of the classical pathway, but slightly decreased the hemolytic activity of the alternative pathway (13.4 %). BpirLAAO-I (50 μg/mL) inhibited 24.3 and 12.4 % of the hemolytic activity of the classical and alternative pathways, respectively. Normal human serum treated with B. jararacussu and B. pirajai crude venoms induced human neutrophil migration at a level similar to that induced by zymosan-activated normal human serum.ConclusionTogether, the results of the kinetics of hemolysis and the neutrophil chemotaxis assay suggest that pre-activation of the complement system by B. jararacussu and B. pirajai crude venoms consumes complement components and generates the chemotactic factors C3a and C5a. The kinetic microassay described herein is useful to assess the effect of venoms and toxins on the hemolytic activity of the complement system.

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“…Bothrops snake venom induces local tissue damage such as hemorrhaging, swelling, inflammation and necrosis. One of the effects of Bothrops snakebites is muscle necrosis, which leads to permanent tissue or functional loss and, in more severe cases, amputation of the affected limb Luna et al, 2011;Roriz et al, 2018, Silva Jr. et al, 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full title: Inhibition of harmful effects from Bothrops alternatus venom by Casearia arborea extract

Chaves¹,

Santos²,

Saturnino³

et al. 2022

JHS

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This study aimed to assess the action of methanol extract from Casearia arborea (Salicaceae) branches against the harmful effects of Bothrops alternatus venom. The venom was tested combined or not with Casearia arborea methanol extract (CAME) at different ratios (1:10, 1:50 (w/w)). Coagulant activity was tested using bovine plasma at 37°C and crude venom (10µg). The hemorrhagic activity of the venom (15µg) was assessed 150 min after inoculating venom samples in the dorsal region of mice. Myotoxic activity was tested by injecting venom into the gastrocnemius muscle of mice, followed by determination of creatine kinase (CK) levels. Phospholipase A 2 activity was evaluated using egg yolk as substrate. Histologic sections of gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed under an optical microscope. The results indicated that CAME inhibited coagulant activity by 59% and reduced hemorrhagic activity by 91%. Myotoxicity analysis demonstrated that serum CK levels declined and phospholipase A 2 activity assessment showed a 50% reduction. The histological sections analyzed indicated decreased local tissue damage in the presence of CAME. These results suggest that CAME may be a potential adjuvant in conjunction with the serum therapy currently applied to neutralize botropic venoms.

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Clinical and immunological aspects of envenomations by Bothrops snakes

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Neutrophils activated by BJcuL, a C-type lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, decrease the invasion potential of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells in vitro

Neutrophils activated by BJcuL, a C-type lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, decrease the invasion potential of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells in vitro

Bothrops snake venoms and their isolated toxins, an L-amino acid oxidase and a serine protease, modulate human complement system pathways

Full title: Inhibition of harmful effects from Bothrops alternatus venom by Casearia arborea extract

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