Hemolytic toxin from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum: isolation and physiological characterization

Karthikayalu, S; Rama,; Kirubagaran, R.; Venkatesan, R.

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992010005000006

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similarly The toxin from soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum shows significant inhibitory effect on blood agar plate (Karthikayalu et al, 2010) and fish epidermal mucous shows significant haemolytic effect (Bragadeeswaran et al, 2011). The results clearly indicate the toxins present in the fish are having bioactive compounds that may be used for therapeutic needs.…”

Section: International Letters Of Natural Sciences Vol 30mentioning

confidence: 92%

Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

Raj

Bragadeeswaran

Suguna

2014

ILNS

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Marine fishes play an important role for health care. The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the haemolytic activity of crude extracts of six puffer fishes Cyclichthys orbicularis, Diodon holocanthus, Canthigaster solandri, Arthron hispidus, A. inermis and Lagocephalua inermis collected from Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, South East Coast of India. The haemolytic activity was tested against red blood cells (RBCs) of chicken, goat and human blood. The haemolytic activity was high in chicken blood (128HU) against of Cyclichthys orbicularis and A. inermis and minimum (16HU) in Lagocephalua inermis. In goat erythrocytes the highest haemolytic activity (256HU) against Arthron hispidus and minimum (16HU) against A. inermis and Lagocephalua inermis were observed. In human erythrocytes the maximum haemolytic activity of 32HU against Cyclichthys orbicularis, Arthron hispidus were recorded. In blood agar plate assay the highest zone of inhibition of 6.4±0.9 and 6.3±0.1 mm were observed in A. inermis against chicken erythrocytes and Arthron hispidus against goat erythrocytes respectively. The results strongly suggest that, the Marine puffer fish extracts showed good cytolytic properties against blood RBCs.

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Section: International Letters Of Natural Sciences Vol 30mentioning

confidence: 92%

Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

Raj

Bragadeeswaran

Suguna

2014

ILNS

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“…Then, wells were cut into the agar plate using a corkscrew borer (8 mm diameter) and loaded with 50 μL (1 mg/mL) of samples. The plates were observed for hemolysis after overnight incubation at room temperature [ 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Pharmacokinetic Functionalities and Safety Margins of an Optimized Simvastatin Nanoformulation

et al. 2023

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A pharmaceutical formulation with favorable pharmacokinetic parameters is more likely to be efficacious and safe to overcome the failures of the drug resulting from lack of efficacy, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. In this view, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic functionalities and safety margin of an optimized CS-SS nanoformulation (F40) by in vitro/in vivo methods. The everted sac technique was used to evaluate the improved absorption of a simvastatin formulation. In vitro protein binding in bovine serum and mice plasma was performed. The formulation’s liver and intestinal CYP3A4 activity and metabolic pathways were investigated by the qRT-PCR technique. The excretion of cholesterol and bile acids was measured to demonstrate the formulation’s cholesterol depletion effect. Safety margins were determined by histopathology as well as fiber typing studies. In vitro protein binding results revealed the existence of a high percentage of free drugs (22.31 ± 3.1%, 18.20 ± 1.9%, and 16.9 ± 2.2%, respectively) compared to the standard formulation. The controlled metabolism in the liver was demonstrated from CYP3A4 activity. The formulation showed enhanced PK parameters in rabbits such as a lower Cmax, clearance, and a higher Tmax, AUC, Vd, and t1/2. qRT-PCR screening further proved the different metabolic pathways followed by simvastatin (SREBP-2) and chitosan (PPAR-γ pathway) in the formulation. The results from qRT-PCR and histopathology confirmed the toxicity level. Hence, this pharmacokinetic profile of the nanoformulation proved it has a unique synergistic hypolipidemic modality.

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“…Recently a hemolytic toxin was identified in the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum (Alcyonacea); the crude extract was highly cytotoxic (EC 50 = 50 ng/mL) against human erythrocytes and haemolytic, with a halo of 12 mm caused by 50 μg of protein. The hemolysis was observed to be increased in condition of alkaline and neutral pH and reduced at acidic pH; furthermore, hemolysis is reduced after toxin treatment with freezing-thawing cycles [ 29 ]. A modified steroid (18-acetoxipregna-1,4,20-trien-3-one) isolated from Carijoa riisei was shown to be not hemolytic at 12.5 μg/mL and slightly hemolytic (2.3% and 6%) at 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL, respectively [ 30 ].…”

Section: Hemolytic Effects Of Cnidarian Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Cnidarian Venoms. A Review on Health Implications and Possible Therapeutic Applications

Mariottini

Pane

2013

Toxins

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The toxicity of Cnidaria is a subject of concern for its influence on human activities and public health. During the last decades, the mechanisms of cell injury caused by cnidarian venoms have been studied utilizing extracts from several Cnidaria that have been tested in order to evaluate some fundamental parameters, such as the activity on cell survival, functioning and metabolism, and to improve the knowledge about the mechanisms of action of these compounds. In agreement with the modern tendency aimed to avoid the utilization of living animals in the experiments and to substitute them with in vitro systems, established cell lines or primary cultures have been employed to test cnidarian extracts or derivatives. Several cnidarian venoms have been found to have cytotoxic properties and have been also shown to cause hemolytic effects. Some studied substances have been shown to affect tumour cells and microorganisms, so making cnidarian extracts particularly interesting for their possible therapeutic employment. The review aims to emphasize the up-to-date knowledge about this subject taking in consideration the importance of such venoms in human pathology, the health implications and the possible therapeutic application of these natural compounds.

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Hemolytic toxin from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum: isolation and physiological characterization

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

Studies on Haemolytic Properties of Puffer Fishes from South East Coast of India

A Study on Pharmacokinetic Functionalities and Safety Margins of an Optimized Simvastatin Nanoformulation

Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Cnidarian Venoms. A Review on Health Implications and Possible Therapeutic Applications

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