Kinetics of venom and antivenom serum levels, clinical evaluation and therapeutic effectiveness in dogs inoculated with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom

Abstract

This work evaluated the clinical and therapeutic aspects as well as serum levels of venom and antivenom IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in experimental envenomation of dogs with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Twenty-eight mixed breed adult dogs were divided into four groups of seven animals each, Group I: only venom; Group II, venom + 50 ml of anti-bothropic-crotalic serum (50mg) + fluid therapy; Group III, venom + 50 ml of anti-bothropic-crotalic serum + fluid therapy + urine alkalination; Group IV, 50 ml of anti-bothropic-crotalic serum. The lyophilized venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus was reconstituted in saline solution and subcutaneously inoculated at the dose of 1mg/kg body weight. The dogs presented clinical signs of local pain, weakness, mandibular ptosis, mydriasis, emesis and salivation. The venom levels detected by ELISA ranged from 0 to 90ng/ml, according to the severity of the clinical signs. Serum antivenom ranged from 0 to 3ug/ml and was detected for up to 138h after treatment. ELISA results showed the effectiveness of the serum therapy for the venom neutralization

Serum kinetics of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) venom components in a rabbit

“…Similar pharmacokinetics was reported in rats injected with Bothrops erythromelas venom (13). A recent study that utilized dogs injected with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, however, indicated that blood venom levels remained high 48 hours after intoxication (6). It is therefore obvious that the rate of venom clearance from blood circulation differs from species to species.…”

“…Recently, ELISA has been employed in studies on serum kinetics of snake venom or venom components in mice, rabbits, dogs as well as in humans (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The information on serum kinetics of envenomated victims is important to the development of a personalized modality of treatment, in which the dose and frequency of antivenom administration are based on the amount of venom injected and on the kinetics of venom distribution in the body (1,4,6).…”

“…The information on serum kinetics of envenomated victims is important to the development of a personalized modality of treatment, in which the dose and frequency of antivenom administration are based on the amount of venom injected and on the kinetics of venom distribution in the body (1,4,6). We report herein our investigation of the serum kinetics of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) venom and its two main toxins (the hemorrhagic rhodostoxin and thrombin-like enzyme) in a rabbit intramuscularly injected with sublethal dose of this venom.…”

Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Induced by Snake Venoms: An Overview from Traditional Use to Pharmacological Evidence

“…Species of the Crotalus durissus complex pose a serious medical problem in many parts of the America [ 199 ]. Crotalic venom is considered highly toxic and more lethal in comparison with that of the genus Bothrops , having three main actions: neurotoxic, myotoxic, and coagulant [ 200 , 201 ]. The crotalic accident is characterized by local and systemic manifestations, but while the local alterations are only discrete, the systemic manifestations are severe, leading to high chances of death [ 201 ].…”

Perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel) criadas em cativeiro

“…O envenenamento causado por serpentes constitui um dos problemas mais importantes na Medicina e Medicina Veterinária nos países tropicais, devido a sua alta incidência, gravidade e seqüelas das lesões (Sgarbi et al 1995, Berrocal et al 1998, Pinho et al 2000, Sangiorgio et al 2008. Na América do Sul os gêneros Bothrops e Crotalus são responsáveis pela maioria dos acidentes ofídicos envolvendo seres humanos e animais (Dourado et al 1988, Kouyoumdjian 1990, Sorensen 1990, Barraviera 1991, Ribeiro 1991, Méndez & Riet-Correa 1995, Sgarbi et al 1995, Pinho et al 2000.…”