Cytokine profile and clinical metabolic alterations in HIV-1 infected individuals with and without lipodistrophy

Abstract

The extensive use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has transformed HIV infection into a chronic condition. Thus, metabolic alterations including lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia have been associated with the use of such medications. The objective of the present study was to analyze clinical metabolic alterations and the profile of TNF-alpha, IFN-Y, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-alpha type II soluble receptor in serum of HIV-1 individuals with and without lipodystrophy. Eighty-four adults were evaluated, 42 males and 42 females, mean age 37 years, and HAART time of at least 15 months. Two groups were formed, G1: 42 individuals with lipodystrophy, and G2: 42 without lipodistropy. From the HAART used, stavudine was more associated with the lipodystrophy group and zidovudine with the non-lipodystrophy group. CD4 and CD8 values, viral load, glucose, albumin, and lipids were not different between groups, except for triglycerides, which were high in the lipodystrophy group, and HDL, whose concentration was reduced in G1. TNF-alpha, TNF-RII, and IL-10 profiles were high and had positive correlation; IL-2 and IFN-gamma had reduced levels in the lipodystrophy group. High TNF-alpha and its receptor levels seem to be associated with lipodystrophy development in individuals under HAART therapy

Influence of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves on atherogenic lipids and glycaemia evolution in HIV-infected and uninfected malnourished patients

“…The reduction of HDL-C in HIV positive of this study confirms report of Bernal et al, (2008), Anastos et al, (2010) and would be due partly to Apo A1 synthesis reduction (Tété-Bénissan et al, 2011), because of immunity collapse (Crowe et al, 2010). In this study, increase of triglycerides in HIV positive is in agreement with report of former studies (Presles, 2006;Pontes-Cardoso et al, 2007;Cournil et al, 2011) which showed that hypertriglyceridemia would be explained by cholesterol and triglycerides transport as lipoproteins. There would be a negative correlation between HDL and triglycerides level (Sawadogo et al, 2005;Tété-Bénissan et al, 2009).…”

“…About significant increase of total cholesterol in HIV positive treated with ARV drugs; it was already highlighted by several studies and would be due to a more important disturbance of lipids metabolism (Presles, 2006;Bernal et al, 2008;Anastos et al, 2010;Melzi et al, 2010). Indeed, HIV infection and antiretroviral drugs have independent noxious effects on the blood-vessels and in association, their impact are significantly worsened (Pontes-Cardoso et al, 2007;Bernal et al, 2008). The reduction of HDL-C in HIV positive of this study confirms report of Bernal et al, (2008), Anastos et al, (2010) and would be due partly to Apo A1 synthesis reduction (Tété-Bénissan et al, 2011), because of immunity collapse (Crowe et al, 2010).…”

“…The results show also the HIV positive patients treated by ARV drugs have no complications of glucose metabolism, induced by the protease inhibitors in their treatment. Indeed, it has shown the increase development risk of diabetes type 2 due to insulin resistance and frequencies of cardiovascular diseases are more important among patients submitted to antiretroviral treatment associated with protease inhibitors (Yoon, 2005;Pontes-Cardoso et al, 2007;Melzi et al, 2010;Vyas et al, 2010).…”

Risk Factors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil: A Case–Control Study

“…[2][3][4] In Brazil, very few studies have been developed concerning the risk factors associated with lipodystrophy in HIV patients. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for lipodystrophy in HIV/acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome (AIDS) patients undergoing ART at two separate HIV/AIDS centers in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.…”

Neuro-endocrine immune networks leading to HIV-associated cardiovascular abnormalities: Role of leptin

“…Treatment of HIV patients using HAART increases their life span but ART has been manifested in metabolic alterations including lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia. The levels of TNF-␣ and IL-10 were also found to be increased in patients receiving HAART [65,66]. Serum leptin levels were found to be increased in some patients on HAART suffering from lipodystrophy but not in all patients.…”