Antimicrobial activity of Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis and chlorhexidine against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures after extraction of unerupted third molars

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of mouthwashes containing Calendula officinalis L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate on the adherence of microorganisms to suture materials after extraction of unerupted third molars. Material and MethodsEighteen patients with unerupted maxillary third molars indicated for extraction were selected (n=6 per mouthwash). First, the patients were subjected to extraction of the left tooth and instructed not to use any type of antiseptic solution at the site of surgery (control group). After 15 days, the right tooth was extracted and the patients were instructed to use the Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis or chlorhexidine mouthwash during 1 week (experimental group). For each surgery, the sutures were removed on postoperative day 7 and placed in sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto different culture media for the growth of the following microorganisms: blood agar for total microorganism growth; Mitis Salivarius bacitracin sucrose agar for mutans group streptococci; mannitol agar for Staphylococcus spp.; MacConkey agar for enterobacteria and Pseudomonas spp., and Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol for Candida spp. The plates were incubated during 24-48 h at 37ºC for microorganism count (CFU/mL). ResultsThe three mouthwashes tested reduced the number of microorganisms adhered to the sutures compared to the control group. However, significant differences between the control and experimental groups were only observed for the mouthwash containing 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. ConclusionsCalendula officinalis L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze presented antimicrobial activity against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures but were not as efficient as chlorhexidine digluconate.

A Prospective Clinical Evaluation of the Effects of Chlorhexidine, Warm Saline Mouth Washes and Microbial Growth on Intraoral Sutures

“…The effects of the use of chlorhexidine and warm saline mouth washes on bacterial growth on chromic catgut and vicryl are not appreciable (P [ 0.05).The effects of mouthwashes on healing process shows that chlorhexidine, in a concentration and time-dependent manner, affects negatively, fibroblasts and keratinocyte cell proliferation in vitro and can impair wound healing [8].…”

“…This situation is favored or prevented, depending on the adsorption properties of the suture material and oral hygiene care of the patient during the postoperative period [8].…”

“…Similarly, studies carried out by Bojar et al [9] and Edmiston et al [10] had a clear reduction (P \ 0.01) in the gram positive and gram negative bacteria adherence to triclosan-coated braided sutures. Contamination of suture material in the oral cavity mainly originates from saliva [8,9], which contains approximately 7.5 9 10 8 microorganisms/ml [8].…”

“…This study cultured the same organisms. According to Faria et al [8] staphylococci and enteric bacilli are not usually found in the oral cavity and if present they occur in small numbers and are part of the transitory microbiota. …”

Effect of green tea extract and mouthwash without alcohol on Candida albicans biofilm on acrylic resin

“…Previous studies have reported satisfactory results with the antimicrobial effect of GT on C. albicans and other microorganisms . In the current study, both conventionally and microwave‐polymerised acrylic resins were used to simulate the formation of biofilm of C. albicans on the prosthesis into the oral cavity.…”