Comparison of the biocompatibility of different root canal irrigants

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the reaction of rat subcutaneous connective tissue to 0.9% sterile saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 5.25% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution or gel. Six circles were demarcated on the dorsal skin of 24 male Wistar rats, leaving 2 cm between each circle. Using a syringe, 0.1 mL of each root canal irrigant was injected subcutaneously into 5 circles. In the 6th circle, the needle of an empty syringe was introduced into the skin, but no irrigant was injected (control group). Evaluations were undertaken at 2 h, 48 h, 14 days and 30 days post-procedure. Tissue samples were excised, embedded in paraffin blocks and 3-μm-thick sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The areas of inflammatory reaction were evaluated and analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test. The control group showed few or no inflammatory reaction areas in the subcutaneous tissue. 0.9% saline solution, 2.0% chlorhexidine solution and 2.5% NaOCl showed a good biocompatibility, as very mild inflammatory reaction was detected at 14 days and tissue repair occurred at 30 days. 5.25% NaOCl was the most toxic irrigant, as the number of inflammatory cells remained elevated at 14 and 30 days. The group treated with 2.0% chlorhexidine gluconate gel presented a moderate inflammatory response at 14 days, which decreased at 30 days, being considered similar to that of the control group, 0.9% saline solution, 2.0% chlorhexidine solution and 2.5% NaOCl at this experimental period.

Antibacterial efficacy of several intracanal medicaments for endodontic therapy

“…Regarding CHX biocompatibility, 2% CHX solution showed a good biocompatibility when injected subcutaneously in rats, while 2% CHX gel presented a moderate inflammatory response at 14 days, which decreased at 30 days 45) . However, in other studies, CHX showed to be cytotoxic on osteoblastic, endothelial and fibroblastic cell lines 46) and particularly on SCAPs 47) .…”

Antimicrobial action of root canal filling pastes used in deciduous teeth

“…No studies have attempted to modify GPP by removing CMPC and adding another substance with antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity. Chlorhexidine has been used in periodontology for more than 20 years due to its antimicrobial properties and low cytotoxicity (1,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). It also can be used as an endodontic irrigation solution (15)(16)(17)(18)20) and as an intracanal medication (15,(19)(20).…”

“…Chlorhexidine has been used in periodontology for more than 20 years due to its antimicrobial properties and low cytotoxicity (1,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). It also can be used as an endodontic irrigation solution (15)(16)(17)(18)20) and as an intracanal medication (15,(19)(20). Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of an iodoform-based paste (Guedes-Pinto Paste-GPP) and a paste modified by the addition of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel (CHX) to replace the CMPC component of the original GPP against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections of deciduous teeth.…”

Revascularization and Treatment Methods

“…CHX ise antimikrobiyal etkisi olması ve kök ucu açık dişlerde periapikal dokularla temasında diğer solüsyonlara göre daha az toksik özellik göstermesinden dolayı revaskülarizasyon tedavilerinde tercih edilebilmektedir. 44,45 Soares ve ark. 39 pulpal nekroz görülen ve kök gelişimini tamamlamamış santral kesici dişte koronal ve orta üçlüye Ca(OH)₂ ve CHX'in % 2'lik formunu uygulamışlardır.…”