Macroscopic and microscopic study of tissue response to oral antiseptics and its influence on carcinigenesis

Abstract

Studies have related the action of alcohol on the oral mucosa as a promoter of carcinogenesis, once most oral antiseptics contain alcohol. Its utilization for mouthrinses from 30 to 60 seconds, as indicated on the labels, yields a longer-lasting topical action when compared to the intake of alcoholic beverages. This study aimed at conducting a macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the tissue response of tongue mucosa of hamsters to daily topical applications of antiseptics (Anapyon, Listerine, Oral B) during 13 and 20 weeks, following the methodology for carcinogenesis investigation developed by the Discipline of Pathology of Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo. After sacrificing the animals, their tongues were removed and fixed on 10% formalin. Macroscopic examination did not reveal significant alterations, and the specimens were processed by routine histotechnical procedures for HE staining. Three serial sections of each tongue were evaluated, and characteristics related to epithelial hyperkeratinization, atrophy, hyperplasia and dysplasia were organized in tables. Despite the observation for moderate dysplasia in one case in the Anapyon 20 week group, the further results were very similar to the control group (saline solution), eliminating the need of comparative statistical tests. By means of such methodology for testing the carcinogenesis-initiating action, it was concluded that oral antiseptics are unable to trigger the development of neoplasms.

ESTIMATION OF pH, TOTAL ACID AND ETHANOL CONTENT OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ALCOHOL-CONTAINING MOUTHWASHES AND ITS EFFECT ON SALIVARY pH

“…In a study that involved 40 hamsters, two hamsters showed areas of hyperparakeratinisation, loss of cellular cohesion in basal cell layers with mononuclear inflammatory cells when treated with 23% alcohol-based mouthwash. 20 Although, not therapeutically active, ethanol in the mouthwash has been proven to produce multiple other effects many of which are not beneficial and unnecessary for the user. These range from a characteristic burning sensation upon contact with oral mucosa by activation of vanilloid receptor-1; a heat gated ion channel to a dehydrating effect on the oral mucosa.…”

Effectiveness and Safety of a Mouthwash Containing Essential Oil Ingredients

“…analyses of hamster tongue mucosa responses to four times daily topical applications of Listerine R (duration of application not stated) over 20 weeks did not show signs of toxicity in terms of epithelial hyperkeratinization, atrophy, hyperplasia and dysplasia (Cardoso et al, 2005). (ii) the study by Welk et al (2007) Plax Whitening R (PVM/MA copolymer) which both induced genetic damage in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells, Listerine W was able to reduce genetic damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (antioxidative effect) after 2 weeks of mouthwashing (Carlin et al, 2012).…”

“…Another six experimental studies demonstrated that application of Listerine® was not associated with any toxic signs: one study considered the longer‐lasting topical action of the mouthwash when compared with the intake of alcoholic beverages. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses of hamster tongue mucosa responses to four times daily topical applications of Listerine R (duration of application not stated) over 20 weeks did not show signs of toxicity in terms of epithelial hyperkeratinization, atrophy, hyperplasia and dysplasia (Cardoso et al ., ). the study by Welk et al . () investigated tissue cultures of explants of neonatal rat peritoneum as a sensitive test for tissue compatibility with wound antiseptics (30‐min exposures over 10 days).…”

Uso de enxaguatórios bucais em pacientes portadores de câncer de boca e orofaringe

“…Estudos associam a ação do álcool na mucosa bucal como promotora da carcinogênese e a maioria dos antissépticos bucais contém álcool. Sua utilização com bochechos de 30 a 60 segundos indicados nos frascos possui ação tópica mais duradoura em comparação com a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas (Cardoso et al, 2005).…”